204 INDIAN PIGEONS AND DOVES 
with brown and still more narrowly subtipped rufous, the latter bar some- 
times obsolete. Central tail-feathers brown obsoletely barred darker; the 
next pair almost black with broad terminal band of dark slate, each succeed- 
ing pair has the slate-colour darker and the band of grey paler and wider 
until on the outermost the basal half is quite black, and the terminal half 
and a narrow edge down the other web practically pure white; scapulars 
and innermost secondaries brown like the back, but with larger, paler spots 
tinged with vinous; lesser and median wing-coverts grey-brown with large 
terminal spots of vinous, divided by a streak of deep brown, broadest termin- 
ally and narrowest towards the base ; towards the shoulder of the wing the 
spots fade and the grey increases, making this part look grey streaked 
with brown; greater-coverts grey; edge of wing, primary-coverts and quills 
dark brown, outer primaries and outer secondaries narrowly edged with 
grey. Below, chin white and centre of throat albescent, changing into 
the vinous-pink on the sides of the head, throat, and breast; centre of 
abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts white, the latter often having a small 
V-shaped spot of black or dark brown at the tip. 
Some birds, irrespective of age, have a few fine bars on the lower- 
plumage formed by the feathers of the breast, abdomen and shorter tail- 
coverts being fringed with dark brown. 
A few other birds, all of which seem to be very old males, have the lower- 
back and rump a slaty-grey, the feathers more or less edged with rufous. 
Measurements. ‘Length about 11 inches, wing 5.5, tail 5.5, bill 0.55, 
tarsus 0.9” (Salvadori). 
This little Dove varies very considerably in size, not only in different 
localities, but individually. 
The following is a resumé of the wing-measurements of the very large 
series in the British Museum, to which are added a few others :— 
Wing. Average. 
North-west India 5.25 to 5.80 in. = 134.3 to 147.3 mm. 5.55 in. = 141.0 mm. 
North-east India 5.35 to 5.70 in. = 135.9 to 144.8 mm. 5.55 in. = 141.0 mm. 
Southern India ... 5.05 to 5.65 in. = 128.3 to 143.5 mm. 5.35 in. = 139.9 mm. 
Ceylon ... ... 4.85 to 5.10 in. = 123.2 to 129.5 mm. 4.98 in. = 126.5 mm. 
Colours of soft parts. Irides bright reddish-hazel and of two rings, the 
outer redder and the inner more hazel; eye-lids and narrow orbital bare 
space red; bill dark horny-brown or horny-plumbeous ; legs and feet dull 
red, lake-red, or purplish-red, never very bright; claws dark horny-brown. 
Female. Similar to the male. but I have seen no specimen with the pure 
slate-grey rump sometimes acquired by old males. 
Measurements. The female is slightly smaller than the male on an 
average, the wing being about } in. less, but the largest females consider- 
ably exceed in size the smallest males from the same locality. 
Colours of soft parts as in the male. 
Young birds are browner and paler on the head and have no nuchal 
collar of black and white, the upper-parts are paler and are barred instead 
of spotted with rufous and vinous, the black streaks are entirely wanting 
at first and the markings on the wing-coverts and inner secondaries are pale 
sandy-rufous instead of vinous; the primary-coverts are narrowly and the 
secondaries broadly tipped with rufous, a considerable portion of the inner 
webs of the inner primaries being of this colour. The under-parts are 
