(44) STREPTOPELIA RISORIA RISORIA (Linn.). 
THE INDIAN RING-DOVE. 
Turtur indicus Aldrovandus, p. 510 (1637). 
Columba risoria Linn., Syst. Nat., I p. 285 (1766). 
Turtur douraca Hodg., in Gray’s Zool. Misc., p. 85 (1844) (deser. nulla); 
Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI p. 430; Newman, Avi. Mag. 1896, p. 321. 
Turtur risorius Strick., Ann. and Mag. N.H., XIII p. 38; Blyth, J.A.8.B., 
XIV p. 870; id., Cat. B.M.A.S.B., p. 235; id., J-.A.S.B., XXIV p. 261; 
Jerdon, B.I., III p. 481; Stoliczka, J.A.S.B., XXXVII pt. 2, p. 67; id. 
ib., LXI pt. 2, p. 248; Godw-Aus., ib., XXXIX pt. 2, 272; Hume, 
Str. Feath., I p. 218; Adam, ib., p. 390; Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 506 ; 
Blanf., E. Persia, II p. 270; Butler, Str. Feath., IV p.3; Fairbank, 
ib., p. 462; id. ib., V p. 409; Butler, ib., VIZ p.171; Ball, ib., p. 224; 
Cripps, ib., p. 297; Hume, ib., VIII p. 110; id., Cat. no. 796; Vidal, 
Str. Feath., VIII p. 173; Scully, ib., p. 342; Vidal, ib, IX p. 75; 
Butler, ib., p. 420; Barnes, ib., p. 458; Legge, B. Cey., p. 702; Reid, 
Str. Feath., X p. 60; Davison, ib., p. 408; Oates, in Hume’s Nests and 
Eggs, 2nd ed., II p. 357; Barnes, B. Bom., p. 291; Hume, Str. Feath., 
XI p. 299; Aitken, Com. B. Bom., p. 152; Dewar, Birds of the Plains, 
p. 124; Blanf., Avi. Brit. I., IV p. 46; Barnes, J.B.N.H.S., V p. 332; 
Stuart Baker, ib., X p. 360; Inglis, ib., XI p. 474; Wilson, ib., XII 
p. 639 ; Inglis, ib., XIV p. 562; Marshall, ib., XV p. 353; Bourdillon, 
ib., XVI p. 3; Fulton, ib., p. 60; Dewar, ib., p. 495; Nicol Cumming, 
ib., p. 691; Ward, ib., XVII p. 943; Perreau, ib., XIX p. 919; White- 
head, ib., XX p. 967; Moss-King, ib., XXI p. 100; Whitehead, ib., 
p. 168; D’Abreu, ib., p. 1167. 
Turtur stolicekae Hume, Str. Feath., II p. 519 ; id. ib., III pp. 217 and 415; 
Scully, ib., IV p. 178; Sharpe, Yarkand Misc. Av., p. 117. 
Streptopelia dourica Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 79; Oates, Cat. Eggs B.M., 
I p. 96. 
Vernacular Names. Dhor fakhta, Perki, Punduk, Gugi, Hin.; Daola or 
Doula, Hin. Behar; Kalthak, Kakalaki, Pankghugu, Bengali; Pitha hola, 
Mahr.; Pedda-bella guwa, Tel.; Cally-praa, Tamil, Ceylon; Daotu gophu, 
Cachari; Jungle Kapoth, Biluchi; Pakktah, Turki. 
Description.—Adult male. Whole head and neck lilac-grey, the throat 
paler and the chin sometimes albescent ; in some birds the fore-head is paler 
than the crown, as are also the sides of the head; a narrow collar of white 
succeeded by a broader one of black, a few of these latter feathers being very 
narrowly edged with white, forming a third very narrow and indefinite band, 
which extends with the others to form a nuchal collar about two-thirds 
round the neck ; upper-parts from shoulders to tail and including inner wing- 
coverts pale brown, varying from fawn-brown to pale earthy according to 
state of plumage. Central tail-feathers pale brown, but often more or less 
