(46) OENOPOPELIA TRANQUEBARICA TRANQUEBARICA (Herm.). 
THE INDIAN RED TURTLE-DOVE. 
Columba tranquebarica Herm., Obs. Zool., p. 200 (1804). 
Columba humilis Step. (nec Temm.), Gen. Zool., XIV p. 280 (1826). 
Oena murwensis Hodg., in Gray’s Zool. Misc., p. 85 (1844). 
Turtur humilis Blyth, J.A.S.B., XIV p. 872; id., Cat. M.B.A.S.B. p. 236; 
id., J.A.S.B., XXIV p. 261; Jerdon, B.I., III p. 482 (part); Hume, 
Str. Feath., I p. 218; Butler, id., IL p. 424; Hume, Nests and Eggs, 
Ill p. 507; Butler and Hume, Str. Feath., IV p. 3; Fairbank, ib., 
p. 262. 
Streptopelia humilis Bp., Con. Av., IL p. 66. 
Turtur tranquebarica Wald., Trans. Z.S., [IX p. 219; Hume, Str. Feath., IV 
p. 292 ; Davidson and Wen., ib., VII p. 86; Ball, ib., p. 224; Cripps, ib., 
p. 297; Hume, ib., VIII p. 110; Scully, ib., p. 342; Doig, ib., p. 371; 
Hume, Cat. no. 797; Legge, B. Cey., p. 708; Vidal, Str. Feath., IX p. 75; 
Butler, ib., p. 421; Reid, ib., X p. 61; Barnes, B. Bom., p. 292; Oates, 
in Hume’s Nests and Eggs, 2nd. ed., p. 359; Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI 
p. 437; Barnes, J.B.N.H.S., I p. 55; id. ib., V p. 332; Stuart Baker, 
ib., X p. 360; Rattray, ib., XII p. 345; Inglis, ib., XIV p. 562. 
Turtur humilior Hume, R.A.S.B. 1874, p. 241; id., Str. Feath., IV p. 279; 
id. ib., LV p. 292. 
Ocnopopelia tranquebarica Blanf., Avi. Brit. I., IV p. 47 (part); Inglis, 
J.B.H.N.S., XIV p. 562; Ward, ib., XVII p. 943; Whitehead, ib., 
XX p. 967; Moss-King, ib., XXI p. 100; Whitehead, ib., p. 168; 
D’Abreu, ib., p. 1167; Oates, Cat. Eggs B.M., I p. 97. 
Onopopelia tranquebarica Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 79. 
Vernacular Names. Seroti fakhta, Ghirwi fakhta, Biki, Hin.; Golabi 
ghugu, Ithuiya ghugu, Tuma khuri, Bengali; Itoo-ah, Behari; Rak-guwa, Peri- 
aripu guwa, Tel.; Powart, Marie Gond. 
Description.—Adult male. Upper part of head and neck dark ashy- 
grey, the fore-head and lores sometimes, and the sides of the head invariably, 
rather pale; a black collar across the sides and back of neck, a few birds 
also showing the faintest indications of grey fringes to the lowest feathers ; 
back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and innermost secondaries on visible portions 
vinous red, tinged with brick-red everywhere except, sometimes, on the 
back and scapulars ; lower-back, rump, and upper tail-coverts dark slaty- 
grey ; central tail-feathers light greyish-brown, the amount of grey varying 
in different individuals, succeeding two pairs dark grey at the base, pale 
grey on the terminal third, remaining three pairs dark slate-black on the 
basal two-thirds, white on the terminal third, and white also on the outer 
web of the outermost pair; primary-coverts and edge of wing greyish- 
black, quills blackish-brown very narrowly edged with whitish. Below, chin 
