(47) OENOPOPELIA TRANQUEBARICA HUMILIS (Temm.). 
THE BURMESE RED TURTLE-DOVE. 
(PLATE 23.) 
Columba humilis Temm., Pl. Col. 259 ($) (nec pl. 258) 1824. 
Turtur humilis Gray, Gen. B., IL p. 472 (1844); Jerdon, B. I., III p. 482 (part) ; 
Hume, Str. Feath., II p. 269; id., Nests and Eggs, p. 507 (part) ; Wald., 
in Blyth’s B. Burma, p. 145; Hume, Str. Feath., III p. 165; id. ib., IV 
p. 292; Armstrong and Hume, ib., p. 3388; Hume and Davidson, ib., VI 
p. 423; Hume, ib., VIII p. 210; id., Cat. no. 797, bis; Bingham, Str. 
Feath., IX p. 194; Oates, ib., X p. 235; id., B. Brit. Burma, IT p. 294; 
Hume, Str. Feath., XI p. 299; Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI p. 434. 
Streptopelia humilis Bp., Con. Av., II p. 66. 
Turtur humilior Hume, P.A.S.B. 1874, p. 241; id., Str. Feath., III pp. 279, 
280. 
Turtur tranquebarica Blyth, B. Burma, p. 145; Stuart Baker, J.B.N.H.S., 
X p. 360; Inglis, ib., XI p. 474. Oates, in Hume’s Nests and Eggs, 
2nd ed., IT p. 359 (part); Harington, B. Burma, p. 69. 
Ocenopopelia tranquebarica Blanf., Avi. Brit. I., IV p. 47 (part); Osmaston, 
J.B.N.H.S., XVII p. 489; Macdonald, ib., 496; Mears, ib., XVIII p. 86; 
Harington, ib., XIX pp. 309 and 365; id. ib., XX p. 1010; Hopwood, 
ib., XXI p. 1214. 
Oenopopelia humilis Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 74. 
Vernacular Names. Gyo-ni-bu, Burmese; Daotu kashiba gajao, 
Cachari; Lali Pohu, Assamese. 
Description. — Adult male. Similar to O. t. tranquebarica, but is, 
generally speaking, a darker bird. The vinous-red is darker, more especially 
on the lower-parts, and the feathers about the vent are more grey. The under 
wing-coverts, axillaries, and flanks are a much darker grey, and the axillaries 
are never white. Typical birds from Burma can be separated from birds 
from continental India at a glance, but birds from the intervening countries 
are intermediate. 
Measurements. The Burmese Red Turtle-Dove is a rather larger bird 
than the Indian, with a wing averaging 5.55 in. (= 141 mm.) and varying 
from 5.4 ( = 137.1 mm.) to 5.8 in. (= 147.3 mm.). 
Colours of soft parts. Similar to the same parts in the Indian bird. 
“ Bill black ; irides dark brown; eyelids plumbeous ; legs vinaceous brown ; 
claws black ; the joints of the scales on the legs white ”’ (Oates). 
Female differs from the male in the same way as the last bird, and can 
be distinguished from the previous subspecies by its generally darker 
plumage, the dark grey of the under-wing coverts and flanks, and by its 
slightly larger size. 
