of non-migratory Insects. 179 
trees,* or on cliffs exposed to all the vehemence of sudden 
gusts of wind; the circling flight of Anoxia australis over 
the highest ashy cone of Vesuvius, observed by Dr. C. A. 
Dohrn in 1856; the occurrence of Chlorops lineata en- 
closed in a hailstone, as recorded by Mr. F. Walker,t 
coupled with Mr. Pascoe’s remark, that though insect 
swarms were not common on or very near to the surface 
of the earth, there must be great abundance of insect life 
in the upper atmosphere, and that the destruction of 
insects at a considerable elevation by swifts, must of itself 
be enormous,§ I think I have proved that the very 
habits of many insects are favourable to their forced 
removal by aérial disturbances. 
But there is some other more direct kind of evidence 
to be related. On the 2nd January, 1868, a storm raged 
over Teneriffe, which felled the celebrated Dragon tree 
of Orotavo, and uprooted the Cochineal plantations of 
the island, carrying many plants clear away. Numerous 
living larvee of all sizes belonging to Agosoma scabri- 
corne, were scattered far and wide from the broken bole 
of an old lime tree at Basle, blown down during a violent 
hailstorm on the 8th March, 1868.|| In an article on 
Argentine Coleoptera by Ed. Steimheil, printed in the 
** Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze naturali, 1869,” 
it is stated of Calosoma bonariense, Dej., that this, and 
other Carabide, could be collected in numbers in the 
* Haliday records of Culex detritus, that it is seen in Ireland ‘in the 
evening, in columns about the tops of trees, appearing like smoke at the 
distance of a furlong.” (Entom. Mag. vol. I. p. 151, 1833.) 
Fairmaire says:—‘‘qu’il a vu & Stockholm, autour de peupliers, au 
milieu de la ville, d’immenses quantités d’insectes, probablement des 
Diptéres et Névroptéres, qui formaient des véritables nuées ressemblant 
a de la fumée, A l’éxtrémité des branches. Au dire de MM. Boheman et 
Sundevall, ce fait se reproduit chaque été et avec un développement plus 
grand.” Bullet. de la Soc. Ent. de France, 1856, p. lii. 
On the 12th and 13th August, 1865, the high tops of most pear trees in 
the commune of Roggwyl, cant. Thurgovie, Switzerland, were observed to 
be crowned with gyrating small blackish clouds of winged ants, presenting 
the appearance of curls of smoke. A west wind arose, and suddenly swept 
the swarms away. 
+ ‘Stett. Ent. Zeit.’ 1870, p. 423. 
t ‘Ent. Weekly Intelligencer,’ Vol. 7, p. 76, 1859. 
§ Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1869, proc., p. xxvi. 
|| Ibid. 1870, proc., p. xxxviii. 
