Zygena Trifolit. 421 
Obs. The caterpillar varies much in different indivi- 
duals, as subsequently mentioned, but apparently within 
a given range of variation: mm some thousands I have 
minutely examined, I have never seen the spots in the 
shape of those of Lonicere as described. 
(2.) Zygena Lonicere. 
Imago. Nearly if not quite of the same size as Z. Fili- 
pendule. Central red spots of fore-wings nearly always 
disunited (this seems a constant character in this species, 
while in 7'rifolit it is its most variable); hind-wings paler 
and more pinky-red than in any other English five- 
spotted species. The antennz are much slenderer than 
those of the other species, and considerably longer than 
in Trifolii (either form), those of the ¢ being, as usual, 
much thicker than those of the @? ; this character 
cannot fail to distinguish it at once from either form of 
Trifolii, care being taken to compare the same sex; the 
difference in the thickness of the antenne between a 
do Lonicere and a ¢ of either form of T'rifoli is very 
striking, but that between a 3 Lonicere anda 9 Trifoliv 
very small. Neglect of this common precaution has 
aided the present confusion. 
Black border to hind-wings not very broad, broader in 
the ¢ than in the 9 ; in typical specimens much sinuate 
on the inner margin. 
Larva. Fully described in the appendix as Zygena, 
No. 2. The leading characteristics which differentiate 
it from other species are—the long hairs, greener ground 
colour, more conspicuous orange spot, and different 
shape of the black spots as set out in the description. 
Time of appearance of perfect insect same as Milipen- 
dule. 
Locality. Hill sides; common; often in parks where 
fern grows. Never to my knowledge in marshy pluces. 
(3.) Zygqena 
(Hereinafter called ‘the late T’rifolw.’) 
Imago. Expans. alar. 1’ 2” tol’ 5”. Antenne much 
thicker and shorter than in Filipendule or Lonicere, 
those of the ¢ being much thicker than those of the ?. 
