lxi 
excluded. All the rest of North Africa, Madeira and the Canaries 
are considered as forming part of Europe, while the Cape de 
Verdes are African. The polar regions are said to be wholly 
European as far as South Labrador and Canada, where North 
American forms begin to prevail. A very good feature in this 
catalogue is the separation of accidental variations from true local 
varieties or races. The former are called “aberrations,” the 
latter only “varieties.” Those forms which some naturalists 
class as varieties, while others consider them to be good species, 
are termed “ Darwinian species.” Of all these kinds of varieties 
a brief Latin diagnosis is given. ‘The number of species in this 
extended catalogue is 6062; and in the index each genus, species, 
synonym, and variety, is entered, and severally distinguished by 
differences of type. 
In the preface Dr. Staudinger gives his views as to rules of 
nomenclature at some length, and it will be of interest to compare 
them with those of Dr. Thorell, and with our own. His rules are 
as follows :-— 
1. Species should be designated by a double Latin name, as first 
adopted by Linneus in the 10th edition of the ‘Systema 
Nature.’ 
On the question of taking the 12th edition, instead of the 10th, 
as the starting-point for specific names, he epigrammatically 
remarks: “This way of acting is illogical, and endangers the 
stability of specific nomenclature; it is illogical because it does 
not begin at the beginning; it is dangerous because it starts with 
an exception, and a denial of justice.” 
2. The names of species should be in Latin or latinized. 
Staudinger objects to such names as Amphionycha knownothing, 
and claims the right to latinise them, retaining the original 
name for purposes of reference. At this one ground of alteration, 
however, he takes his stand, and will admit of no other whatever. 
He says, that if specific names are altered on philological 
erounds, they may be equally altered for errors in botany, 
geography, &c., and all stability will be at an end. As an extreme 
case he cites the following corrections of a supposed erroneous 
name. Agrotis nictymera, Boisd., was altered by Herrich-Schiiffer 
into Nychtemera, by Duponchel into Nyctymera, by Guenée into 
Nyctimera, by Zeller into Nychthemera, and by Speyer into 
Nyctimena. He would consider every specific name, once given 
