124 Mr. J. W. Dunning on 



as conclusive. In 1865, Heinemann included the genus 

 in his ' Klein - Schmetterlinge ; ' in the same year, 

 M'Lachlan, having got the better of his former doubt, 

 spoke of A. niveus as one of ''two species of Lepidoptera 

 erroneously described as Trichoptera ; ^' and in 1868, 

 Brauer did not include Acentropus in his ' Verzeichniss 

 der bis jetzt bekannten Neuropteren im Sinne Linne's " 

 (Verh. z.-b. GeselU Wien. xviii. 359). 



In 1867, Zeller, and in 1869, Nolcken, Speyer, deGraaf, 

 Snellen, and Tengstrom, all agreed in referring Ace7i- 

 tropus to the Lepidoptera, and Speyer went elaborately 

 into the question (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1869, p. 400) . He 

 examined the mouth most carefully, and confirmed West- 

 wood's view, that the large 3-jointed palpi are the labial 

 and not the maxillary palpi (thereby removing the main 

 ground upon which Curtis rested) ; a pair of one-jointed 

 maxillary palpi are present, but very small,* attached at 

 the upper side of the base of the large palpi, and they 

 are mentioned by Kolenati as " a brown tuft on the out- 

 side at the base of each palpus," and by Westwood as 

 "a pair of small lateral appendages of the palpi ;" and a 

 pair of minute thread-like maxillae may also be detected. 

 The difficulty of a correct determination of the parts of 

 the mouth, in addition to the smallness and imperfect 

 development of the maxillae and maxillary palpi, depends 

 really upon the circumstance that they are placed un- 

 usually close to one another,, and take their rise almost 

 at the same spot ; it required careful examination to 

 make certain that, in fact, the base of the large palpi 

 occupied the nethermost place. Speyer also detected a 

 peculiar appendage to the fore-tibii«, which is found in 

 many Rhopalocera and most Heterocera, but so far as is 

 known, does not occur in any Trichoptera; he observes 

 that the tegulge or scapulae are large, and of the typical 

 Lepidopterous form ; he notes likewise the fixing appa- 

 ratus of the wings, the strong simple bristle of the hind- 

 wings, the erect hair-scales at the base of the fore- 

 wings on the underside, and the formation of the hinder 

 parts of the abdomen, which is quite similar to that 

 of many Lepidoptera, e. g. Sphincjidce. He concludes. 



* M'Lachlan states (Intell. ix. 132) that iu the female all the palpi 

 are rudimentary. This is scarcely correct ; the labial palpi, thoiigh 

 smaller than iu the male, are large in comparison with the maxillary, 

 and are accurately figured by Brown. 



