318 Mr. G. T. Bethiine-Buker's Notes on the 



Lipfeninae with which it has generally been placed. The 

 armature proved this conclusively. The same great 

 development of the tegumen has taken place, though in 

 this genus the tegumen is wedge-shaped with the lower 

 fore edges well excavated and curved, thus ending in fine 

 points ; the falces are quite different, being of the usual 

 Ruralid shape. Both the aedoeagus and the clasps differ 

 from Gerydus though they are of equally simple form, both 

 are, however, rather longer, though slighter. It is quite 

 evident, however, that the genus belongs to the sub- 

 family Gerydinae. Let me take another section of the same 

 great order, and let us consider one or two examples from 

 among the Lijjteninae. The genus Pentila needs a good 

 deal of revision ; I will take two species out of that genus 

 as it stands in " Rhopalocera Aethiopica," viz. muliata and 

 abraxas, Hew. In many respects the armature of the 

 former reminds me of that of the Hepialidae ; it seems to 

 have an additional pair of clasps in the centre of the girdle. 

 As a general rule the tegumen is in the tergite and the clasp 

 in the sternite sections of the abdomen (and we thus have 

 the anal orifice quite distinctly separated from the genital 

 orifice), these being united by the girdle, which in a sense 

 completely amalgamates the tergite and sternite. In 

 muhata, however, it would almost appear as if a pair of 

 clasps had been developed at the base of the tergite, as well 

 as in the sternite; to grasp the point fully it is almost 

 necessary to refer to the figure, where it is seen that the 

 tegumen has a slight hood with two long robust arms that 

 are well provided with long strong bristles ; below these 

 jointed to the girdle (which in this species is not a simple 

 collar of chitine but is definitely divided near the middle), 

 but still in the tergite, are two broad arms highly excavated 

 at the apex and strongly hooked ; they are provided with 

 fine longish bristles. The sternite section of the girdle is 

 attached to the base of the tergite section (PI. LVIII, fig. 10) 

 and forms quite a distinct section (with the clasps and 

 aedoeagus), though it is jointed on to the tergite portion; 

 the girdle is highly concave and broad developing directly 

 into the two longish clasps with a broadly spatulate apex, 

 the clasps not being separate organs jointed on to the 

 girdle, as is usually the case, they are provided with long 

 fine bristles. The aedoeagus is longish, very broad indeed, 

 of almost equal width, with the orifice the full width of the 

 tube, which is obliquely truncated at the apex ; the vesica 



