Taxonomic value of Genital Armature in Lejndojotera . 323 



The Danainae show strong characters of their own. The 

 genus Danaus, if we are to revert to Latreille's original 

 spelhng, has jMexippus as its type, but it is the least 

 developed of the group in certain particulars. This we 

 might expect from its almost world-wide distribution, and 

 also if in it we have the origin of its family. Its Nymphaline 

 connection is show^n in the shape of the girdle and its 

 saccus. Danaida has priority over Danaus by four years. 

 In Tirumala petiveratia the tegumen is but weakly de- 

 veloped, that is to say, that the chitinous structure is 

 thinner and finer than usual ; the tegumen is ample and is 

 developed at its front apex into two ears fairly well excised 

 along the dorsal line ; the girdle is copious and has a very 

 large and prominent saccus. The aedoeagus is very large, 

 with a sharp and highly curved downwards bend at a 

 third from its tip, whilst at the lower margin of its tapered 

 orifice is a very large strong tooth edged on its inner side 

 by a short series of strong short teeth ; the vesica, also large, 

 is likewise armed with teeth and clothed hea\'ily with fine 

 spines ; the clasps are large and highly excavated near the 

 lower front apex and produced into a large horn extending 

 downwards. The end segment of the abdomen proper is 

 fairly evenly terminated without teeth or spines, but having 

 the usual fine hairs. If we compare this with Danaida 

 phlexippus we at once see strong differences, so that the 

 armature alone at once suggests the need for another 

 genus ; the tegumen is more copious and much more de- 

 veloped in its fore lobes or ears as I termed them in the 

 previous case ; the girdle is stronger and the saccus changed 

 from a very broad and large sack, to a long moderately 

 wide cyhnder; the aedoeagus, however, is totally dis- 

 similar, it is an exceedingly long narrow tube of equal 

 width for its entire tubular portion, and it has no spines 

 or teeth at all, whilst the vesica has no armature at all; 

 the clasps also have lost the formidable curved hook at 

 their lower extremity, but have a long stout horizontal 

 spike at their upper margin, the two spikes (^. e. the one 

 on each clasp) being bridged over by a chitinous collar, 

 whilst the whole of the sternite section is covered over by 

 a broad apron (as it were) of chitine. The other Danaine 

 genus I would refer to is Amauris. This again, from its 

 armature only, suggests at once the necessity of dividing 

 it off from either of the others ; it has alliances to both 

 of the preceding genera, but differs markedly from each. 



