324 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker's Notes on the 



The tegumen is quite different in some respects, it is much 

 less ample, is divided into two portions, the terminal or 

 uncal position having almost lost the bifid character ; this 

 part is developed into a small triangular hood, attached 

 to the rear of the tegumen by a narrow ridge, and incised 

 at its pointed extremity to a very slight extent ; the forma- 

 tion of this has quite a different appearance to those just 

 referred to. The girdle is slight with the saccus smaller 

 and shorter than in Danaida; the aedoeagus is similar to 

 Tirumala but smaller; whilst the clasps are quite solid 

 and broad, more or less oblong, with no excrescences : in 

 some cases they are squarish at the front edge, and in others 

 quite rounded ; the interior of the clasps is furnished with 

 an ample supply of long strong hairs, especially at the lower 

 margin — these hairs are present in all to some extent, but 

 in Amauris they are quite a special feature. There is 

 another quite peculiar character, the end segment of the 

 abdomen proper is provided with a formidable series of 

 strong sharp spines of moderate length, this feature being 

 absent in the alhed genera. It is a character that I have 

 not found in any other of the Rhopalocera that I have 

 examined, I must not omit to mention another important 

 point, all these three genera are furnished with, viz. a pair 

 of long brushes that are protruded from directly below the 

 dorsum on each side of the anus. In Tirumala and in 

 Amauris they are longish and when extended are prominent ; 

 in Banaida they are very much smaller, each is placed in a 

 fine membranous case, which is turned inside out on the 

 extrusion of the brushes. Aurivillius in Seitz's work 

 adopts the long-overlooked name Danaida, and sinks both 

 Tirumala, Moore, and Melinda, Moore, to it, I quite 

 agree with him in thinking Melinda must fall to Tirumala, 

 but the male armature made me at once separate Tirumala 

 from Danaida, and I find this is borne out by the neuration, 

 for in the primaries of Moore's genus veins 7, 8, 9 and 10 

 are stalked from a common base, whilst in Danaida 7, 8 and 

 9 are stalked, but 10 rises from the cell. 



The valves and the pecuharly bent aedoeagus of a large 

 number of the Pieridae indicate a relationship, perhaps, 

 with the almost universal valves of the Papilionidae, 

 though the organs within these valves are decidedly less 

 comphcated as a rule, whilst the entire absence of them 

 (the valves) in some of the older famihes — Colias and 

 Leptidia — to name only two, might seem to suggest that 



