346 Rev. F. D. Moricc and J. H. Durrant on the 



of an animal possessing such an artificial character were 

 likely to be. 



One of the great merits which Panzer found in Jurine's 

 wing-characters was just this — that they seemed to 

 run more or less parallel with the Fabrician mouth-char- 

 acters, and, in so far as they did so, to be approximately, 

 even if not really, *' natural." And Jurine himself either 

 did not wish, or did not dare, openly to reject the claim 

 made for the Fabrician characters that they were " natural." 

 On the contrary, by figuring mandibles and antennae, as 

 well as wings, in his Plates, he managed, very prudentlv. 

 if it was done intentionally, to give the impression that, 

 far from attacking the Fabrician characters, he was re- 

 inforcing them. And honest Panzer was only too willing 

 to look at things in so satisfactory a light ! 



It is interesting to trace — for which purpose see Appendix 

 A following this Introduction — the steps by which Panzer's 

 confidence in Jurine is seen gradually ripening. 



(a) First in 1799 we find Panzer telling the world through 

 his Fn. Ins. Germ, that one Mr. Jurine of Bern was a very 

 acute entomologist, who had got some " method " of his 

 own for determining insects by their wings, who had sent 

 him (Panzer) such and such insects, given him particulars 

 of their " habitats," and was kindly going to give him more 

 in future. 



(6) Then in 1800, a year when the French and Austrians 

 were cannonading each other under the walls of Nuremberg, 

 Panzer pubhshes no instalment of the Fn. Ins. Germ, but 

 waits for quieter times, and probably finds leisure to go 

 more carefully into the " Proofs " and " Figures " of 

 Jurine's forthcoming book, advertised last year, but not 

 yet out. 



(c) By May 1801 he had become convinced that this 

 Nouvelle Methode is an excellent idea, very convenient, and 

 perfectly orthodox. He will give it a start, but in a quiet 

 way, taking no responsibility for anything. So he gives 

 it a favourable notice, not at Nuremberg (where his author- 

 ship would be recognised at once) but at Erlangen, where 

 a new Zeittmg in which he had some sort of interest was 

 being started. The thing would make good " copy " for 

 an Editorial; and he could do his friend a good turn 

 without bringing his own name in at all, or making the 

 readers of Fn. Ins. Germ, wonder if they were wanted to 

 rename all their specimens. So he leaves his Articles 



