publication of " Jurinean " Genera of Hymenoptera. 351 



evidence," we will venture a little further in that direction, 

 and glance for a moment at the state of things in Switzer- 

 land, when Jurine, instead of pubhshing at Bern when his 

 work was " actually in the press," transferred himself 

 from Bern to Geneva and took his proofs with him. This 

 we now know occurred between Aug. 1799 and May 1801. 

 Consulting an Encyclopedia we come across a passage 

 stating that " from 1799 to 1801 Switzerland was the 

 theatre of the wars between the French, Russians, and 

 Austrians." We find too that Geneva had been annexed 

 by France in 1798, and that in 1801 the Peace of Amiens 

 and the First Consulate of Napoleon filled mankind with 

 hopes (which however were soon to be disappointed) that 

 a new era of peace and prosperity had set in for all Europe, 

 and more especially for France, now at the height of her 

 greatness. Geneva, then, in 1801 seemed likely to be a 

 desirable residence for a student and an author in prospect. 

 Bern, on the contrary, was still in trouble politically ; the 

 French had upset its old government in 1798, and affairs 

 there were still in chaos, till Napoleon finished what he 

 called his " Mediation " of Switzerland in 1802. May we 

 not conjecture from this, why it was that Jurine left Bern 

 at this particular time, and why he did not publish there ? 

 Further, when arrived at Geneva, he would naturally not 

 set about publishing at once. He had other things to think 

 of, a new career to be taken up, new surroundings in which 

 he had to " find his feet." Also he had now a new collecting 

 ground; and in fact he tells us in the Nouvelle Methode 

 that he would have published sooner, if he had not formed 

 exaggerated hopes of increasing his list of new Genera ! 



We have now seen how, when, and where the Jurinean 

 Genera were first published : viz. as part of an Article, 

 the rest of which was certainly written by Panzer, but for 

 which he was careful to incur no responsibihty till 1804 

 and throughout which he expressly and consistently called 

 the Genera Jurinean {Jurinesche !) and brought Jurine's 

 name to the front on every possible occasion; we know 

 also now that these names date from May 30, 1801, and 

 that they were published in a Journal which was 

 purchasable by all men at Erlangen. 



If we next proceed to compare the Erlangen List with 

 the contents of the Nouvelle Methode as finally pubUshed, 

 we find that exactly the same Genera, numbered and 

 arranged similarly, and appKed to the same groups of species 



