( xiii ) 



The mermithaner is a male with short wings, caused by the 

 presence of an internal worm of the genus Mermis. 



The ergataner resembles the worker in possessing no wings, 

 and in the structure of the antennae, etc. The ergatoid male 

 probably inherits the worker character. 



The ergatandromorph is an individual in which the male and 

 worker characters are combined. 



The macraner is an unusually large form of male which oc- 

 casionally occurs in populous nests. 



The dorylancr is the imusually large form peculiar to the 

 Driver Ants {Dorylus and Eciton). 



The gynaecaner is a male which resembles a female rather 

 than a worker {Anergates, Epoecus). 



The gynandromorph is partly male and partly female. 



The normal /emaZe (gyne), or a-female. 



The macrogyne is an unusually large female, occurring, like 

 the macraner, in populous nests. 



The rnicrogyne is a dwarf female. 



The ^'female is an aberrant form, occurring either with 

 or without the normal female, and characterised by exces- 

 sive development in the legs, and in the pilosity of the 

 body. 



The pseudogyne is a worker-like female, with enlarged 

 mesonotum, but without wings.* 



The phthisogyne arises from a parasitised larva, and has 

 been unable to reach the imaginal instar. 



The mermithogyne is a female with small wings, caused by 

 parasitization by a Mermis. 



The ergatogyne is a worker-like female. 



The dichthadiigyne is peculiar to the sub-family Dorylinae, 

 it is wingless, possesses neither eyes, nor ocelli, and is probably 

 a further development of the gynaecoid, worker. 



* Wasmann considers pseudogynes as almost useless in the colony, 

 but we have found them to work, fight, and tend the young as do the 

 ordinary ^ s. Doubt is thrown on Wasmann's theory that these forms 

 are caused by the presence of Lo7nechusa and Atemeles larvae in the 

 colony by the discovery by Donisthorpe in Scotland of immense flour- 

 ishing colonies of Formia riifa and pratensis containing hundreds of 

 pseudogynes and without a trace of the parasitic larvae, and the same 

 observer has found nests in Lundy Island containing the larvae, but 

 with no pseudogynes. (W. C. Crawley). 



