( xiv ) 



"Dec. 17, 1911. 



" My two other families of F. dardanus are now pupating. 

 I am disposed to think that the females oviposit more readily 

 when confined in a large box than when cramped up in a small 

 one. In common with such other female Tapilios as I have 

 observed ovipositing, — nireus, demodocus, menestheus, and 

 policenes — they do so while still fluttering on the wing, and I 

 think that if their movements are hampererl, they get 

 frightened and exhausted by coming into constant contact 

 with obstacles, 



" You will have seen by now the truth of your prophecy 

 that all females would be hijijwcoon. 



" By the way I find difliculty in getting captive females to 

 feed, but they will sometimes take weak sugar solution off the 

 petals of flowers and one fed freely on sugar stirred up in 

 muddy earth." 



"Dec. 29, 1911. 



"I notice that the first signs of colour in the pupal wings 

 are visible at from 7 to 8 p.m. on the day preceding emei- 

 gence. Changes go on so rapidly that by 9 p.m. it is possible 

 to determine the sex of the pupa from colour alone, and all 

 these images came out early in the morning like those of the 

 first family. Befoi'e the change in colour the pupa is green 

 and is so well harmonised with its leafy surroundings that 

 in cutting off twigs bearing pupae to pin up I accidentally cut 

 into a pupa which T had not perceived, 



" I imagine that this late appeai-ance of pigment must be 

 of great value as tending to ensure the safety of the pupa. I 

 have never found dardanus pupae in natural surroundings, but 

 I feel sure that when pigment has developed, they must be 

 ever so much more apparent to enemies, 



" By the way all females so far are hvppocoon." 



"Jan.. 1, 1912. 

 " All are hippocoon." 



The hippocoon female parent of the first family tabulated 

 below had been captured Oct, 19, 1911, oviposited Oct, 21-23, 

 and died Oct, 27. 



The parent of the second family had been captured Nov, 17, 

 oviposited Nov. 19-21, and was killed by the Mona Nov. 21. 



