"|, “es. ee ee ey we ee oD 
eit a bor. eer anksho 
- Pea 
‘ 
- 
32 Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter's Laperiments on 
the drone-fly buzzed in the monkey’s hand, and he 
threw it down, fearing a sting: the fact that he sub- 
sequently accorded it the treatment given to insects 
of whose sting or bite he is afraid, shows how entirely 
M. was deceived by the bee-like appearance of this 
fly.) 
Obs. 217. Sp. 5,—Aecridid, young, possibly the 
first, stage of 5, Zonocerus elegans: I found several 
score of these grasshoppers clustered thickly together 
to form a conspicuous mass among grass; they are 
black, finely spotted with yellow. I put down a 
number on the ground in front of M., who was not at 
all excited (as he would have been were they edible), 
but took one, pulled it about, smelt it, played with it, 
but did not even taste it. 
(Note.—This exemplifies well how distasteful insects, 
each individually not very conspicuous (in this case 
because of small size), are able to achieve the apose- 
matic effect by massing themselves together. (‘‘ Essays 
on Evolution,” pp. 318-20.) | Procryptic insects are 
not found to do so, except in rare cases where an 
assemblage would increase the procryptic effect, or 
at least not diminish it.) 
Obs. 218. Sp. 103.—Pierid, Terias senegalensis 
Boisd.: a common small sulphur-yellow butterfly, 
of weak flight. M. ate it with no sign of distaste, 
wings and all. 
Obs. 219. Sp. 104.—Acraeine, Acraea caldarena 
Hew., neluska Oberth.: a pink butterfly of medium 
size, black-spotted. I have noticed that, for an Acraea, 
this is very agile and difficult to catch. M. seized 
it at once (the wings of one side had been amputated 
so that it fluttered without being able to escape), 
bit its head off, and promptly spat it out ! the body was 
pulled to, pieces, tasted, and decidedly rejected. 
Obs. 220. Sp. 105.—Coprid, Phalops laminifrons 
Fairm.: a small, bright metallic green dung-beetle. 
Put on the ground, M. rubbed it violently with every 
sign of marked dislike. I induced him to take it 
and smell it, but nothing more. 
Series Af. Obs. 230-250. Jan. 15.—At 7 a.m. took M. 
out hunting, he not having eaten. 
Obs. 243. Sp. 19.—Mantid, Idolum diabolicum : 
M. seized this very suddenly and ate it quickly before 
