Bate aes ep er SP ee eK 
Pe ne = *. eae , 
Ped) fits 
on the Biononics of Southern Nigerian Insects. 347 
and a much larger one being the culprits. [For the species 
and numbers see p. 459.] I have seen many Hewitsonia 
pupae, old ones on trees besides those I’ve bred out and 
let away, and do not remember having got one parasitised. 
I have been in the way of breeding them out as I found 
them and letting them away without keeping records, but 
I intend to look into the question of their parasitism 
more particularly now. Hewitsonia larvae are protected 
by the ants (unconsciously, for they give no return) and 
also by their cryptic coloration both as larvae and pupae. 
The larva of this other species [T7'eratonewra] is brightly 
coloured. It asks for trouble, but no doubt is partly 
protected by the ants, as is Hewitsonia. As a pupa it 
has succeeded very well in looking like nothing in par- 
ticular—a valuable disguise I should think, but it is at 
this stage that it is attacked. I saw a tiny Chalcid on 
one, one day. 
8. Other Enemies of Teratoneura. 
Feb. 28, 1917.—Just underneath that passage in Shelford 
[p. 350] the subject of birds eating butterflies is mentioned. 
I may say that under these trees I have seen one or two 
butterfly (the Lycaenid) wings that may have been the 
remains of a bird meal. 
March 1, 1917.—By the way, I saw a large green Mantis 
with the remains of a larva one day, but it had left the 
ants and gone on to a leaf to pupate. Of that I feel sure, 
for, as it happens, the small stump with its suckers is 
haunted by one or two Mantises, but they do not go on 
to the stems among the ants. It may be, however, that 
the imago wings I saw on the ground were the work of 
a Mantis. 
9. Teratoneura Imagines feeding on Secretions of Ant- 
attended Coccidae and driving off the Ants. 
Feb. 28, 1917.—I have had further opportunities of 
studying the butterfly of which I sent you two specimens 
last mail, the one with the hairy Lymantrid-like larva. 
I find that the species appears to haunt the tree on which 
the larvae are found. By the way, it is just beside the 
place where I found the Teratonewra in Lamborn’s time 
(see p. 339). I am wondering whether I can possibly have 
hit on that form again, for this species appears to specialise 
(in the adult stage) in Coccid secretions as food. On this 
point I have one or two observations to send you which 
may be of interest. One or two points are rather extra- 
