Pseudomyrmanae. 
In 1899 Emery had already proposed this additional sub- 
family, which he separated on account of the large heads 
and rudimentary antennae of the larvae, etc. [various other 
ant larvae, Ponerine, etc., possess short rudimentary antennae ; 
T even found them, though in a still more rudimentary con- 
Fic. 1.—Lateral view of larva of 
Pseudomyrma gracilis Fabr. 
dition, in the genus Myrmica, as figured in “ British Ants 
(page 31)], but he subsequently withdrew this subfamily, and 
replaced the genera in the Myrmicinae. Wheeler has shown 
that in all the four genera—T'etraponera (=Sima), Pseudo- 
myrma, Pachysima, and Viticicola, which are embraced by 
the Pseudomyrminae—the larval characters are most impor- 
tant. They all possess long, straight, cylindrical, distinctly 
