xlix 
push, thus resembling the method used in some modern 
machines, as, for example, the hydraulic rivetter. The 
noise then becomes a necessary result of the vibration, and 
is unavoidable. 
LEPIDOPTERA FROM N.W. Persra.—tLt.-Col. H. D. Prise, 
I.M.S., exhibited, and read notes on the following butter- 
flies :— 
“(1) Two pairs of Papilio machaon, subsp. centralis Staud., 
from Mesopotamia; one pair captured, the other pair from 
over forty reared from larvae found and fed upon flowers of 
tue (Ruta tuberculata L.). Pupa-cases also shown. 
(2) Colias glicia Fru., gynandromorph, left side white, 
right yellow; taken on 10th April, 1914, at Bannu, N.W.F., 
India, at a flower of Oxalis cernua Thnb. 
“ (3) Anthocharis transcaspica Stgr., one $ example taken 
at Fathah, Mesopotamia. This specimen agrees with one 
in the Brit. Mus. Coll. labelled ‘ Kast of the Caspian.’ 
“A series of Anthocharis lucilla Bdv., for comparison with 
the last, taken in the Tochi valley, N.W.F., India. 
“ (5) Zephyrus quercus longicauda Riley, a series from about 
fifty taken in the Karind valley, N.W. Persia. This form is 
larger than the quercus type, has well-developed, filamentous 
tails, and is in the males of a bright magenta shade, the 
females also being brightly coloured. 
“ (6) Satyrus parisatis Koll., a pair from some taken at 
Paitak, N.W. Persia, and a male aberration lacking the white 
bands on the under-side. This is perhaps the most Western 
record for this species.” 
XYLOCOPA VIOLACEA IN Herts.—Dr. J. WATERSTON 
exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Harotp A. GeLparp, Hillside, 
Lauderdale Road, Hunton Bridge, King’s Langley, a female 
example of the carpenter bee (Xylocopa violacea L.) together 
with larva, pollen mass, cells and post in which the bee had 
burrowed. 
All this material was taken at Hunton Bridge in the summer 
of last year (1920), when the bee was seen at work, and fre- 
quented the post exhibited for four weeks, at least, before it 
was finally captured. 
The bee has been presented to the National Collection. 
PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v, 1921. D 
