Ixxx1l 
ing the preparation, to be folded over. This difficulty must 
be kept in mind, when I report not having seen this fold in 
other ‘Coppers.’ It no doubt represents (as a remnant) 
the distinction between the ‘ valve’ and ‘ harpe’ which are 
here nearly completely combined to form the clasp. 
“There is a structural difference in the penis sheath, a 
development of which I take the triangular pair of plates, 
interior to the clasps, to be. These are hardly identical in 
any two specimens, and the form that is characteristic of 
the African specimens and is very much the same in all 
those examined, is also found in the Northern races, in which 
it varies from the very rounded ends of the African form to 
one in which these are almost sharply pointed. This difference 
decidedly exists, but is sometimes exaggerated by some 
difference in mounting the specimens. 
“Tt is possible to regard the difference in size, and the 
greater constancy to one outline in the penis sheath, as 
specific differences. For my own part, I regard them as 
items of geographical variation, still far short of implying 
specific distinction (though of course tending in that direction), 
especially since no other definite specific characters are 
reported. 
“T may say that I regard hypophlaeas (Lapland and N. 
America) as specifically identical with phlaeas. The append- 
ages don’t differ at all, and, as regards colour and markings, 
specimens from India and Japan differ much more from 
phlaeas than hypophlaeas does. On the other hand I have just 
looked over the appendages of thirteen species of ‘ Coppers,’ 
and there are no two of them that could by any chance be 
regarded as identical, as all the phlaeas I have looked at, 
seem to be. #H. orus (S. Africa) is very different from phlaeas 
and abbote. 
“T should think Uganda and British phlaeas would pair 
and probably prove fertile, but a little acclimatisation of one 
or other would make it more likely. It is also possible to 
suppose that, though they are essentially one species, by 
prolonged geographical segregation the two forms have 
become asyngamic, though, as I suggest above, this might 
readily yield to a little acclimatisation or domestication. 
