f exlv 
bucephalina, Lemonia vallantini, Ocnogyna pudens, Apantesis 
fasciata oberthuri. 
Before leaving the subject of the Tell, we must mention 
a faunistic mystery which has puzzled Zoologists a good deal, 
and which will probably never be cleared up to everybody’s 
satisfaction. You know from the history of the Punic wars 
that the Carthaginians employed elephants in battle and that 
Hannibal brought thirty-seven of them over to Europe and 
took them with his army over the Alps into Italy. Where 
did the Carthaginians obtain them? Some maintain that 
they were Ethiopian elephants which had been brought across 
the Sahara, an assumption we may reject without hesitation. 
Others have come to the conclusion that the elephant was 
indigenous in the forests of North Africa. If that was the case, 
one cannot understand (1) why the Carthaginians could not 
readily replace the losses, (2) why the native rulers who became 
powerful after the destruction of Carthage did not employ 
them in their wars, and (3) why so few remains are found ! 
To bring Indian elephants to Mauretania was certainly a 
formidable task, but as Mithridates is said to have received 
Indian elephants, the task was surely not above the power of 
the sea-faring Carthaginians, and it appears, therefore, most 
probable that the Carthaginians introduced the Indian species 
and bred it, which would explain the comparatively small 
supply on which they had to rely. Lately, however, remains 
of a small race of indigenous elephants have been dug up in 
Algeria. 
We now come to the second zone of Algeria lying to the 
south of the Tell and comprising the Southern Atlas and the 
High Plateaux between it and the Northern Atlas. The 
Southern Atlas is highest in the east, where it attains in the 
Aurés Mountains a height of over 7800 ft., and rises in the west 
again above 6000 and 7000 ft., being lowest in the centre. 
The country bounded by the two ranges is more or less flat, 
with hills here and there, and has an average altitude of about 
3000 ft., falling towards north as well as south and being 
intersected west of Batna by the Hodna Mountains, which 
are a north-westerly continuation of the Aurés and join the 
mountains of the Tell, separating the plateau between 
PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v, 1921. K 
