the British Neuroptera-Planipennia. 219 



greenish colour to the white body^ in consequence of the 

 latter's transparency. The metamorphosis into the pupa 

 state began in September, but many larvae were already 

 full-grown in February. The pupa is placed in a small 

 cylindrical tunnel in the earth, which is lined with fine 

 web. It is similar to the imago, but shorter and thicker ; 

 the colour at first yellow, afterwards pale greenish- 

 yellow ; the vertex, eyes, and pro-notum black ; the an- 

 tennae and legs lie at the sides of the body, and the rudi- 

 mentary wings are already seen, as are also the sexual 

 characters. It comes to the surface to change to the 

 imago state. 



1. BoREUS HYEMALis, Linne. 



Panorpa hyemalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 914 (1767) ; 

 Fab. Syst. Ent. 314. Boreus hiemalis, Latreille, and 

 other authors. Gryllus proboscideus, Panz. Faun. Germ, 

 part xxvii. p. 18 (1796) . 



Varying from greenish-yellow in very immature ex- 

 amples to bronzy-green or bronzy-brown in very mature 

 ones ; the basal half of the antennae, the rostrum (except 

 at its apex), the whole of the pectus, the legs (save at 

 the articulations) , the wings of the J , and the oviduct 

 of the $ (excepting the tip), more or less yellowish or 

 yellowish-brown. In the J' the posterior edge of the 

 first (second ?) dorsal abdominal segment bears an erect 

 truncated lobe, the lateral edges of which are directed 

 obliquely inwards, so that the truncated apex is the 

 broadest part ; the succeeding segment bears a sort of 

 tubercle on its hinder edge, smaller and less conspicuous 

 than the above-mentioned lobe ; the ventral valve is tri- 

 angular, the apex produced, and scarcely acute, entire. 



Length of body, cJ l|-2 lines ; ? (with oviduct) 2^ 

 lines. 



This truly winter insect is found in moss from October 

 till March, and has been observed on the surface of the 

 snow. It is apparently most frequent in the North of 

 England, though occasionally found near London, Mr. 

 Walker having taken it at Southgate, and Messrs. 

 Douglas and Scott near Croydon. These latter gentle- 

 men noticed its peculiar saltatorial habits, which are 

 also indicated by Zetterstedt, and appear to obtain in 



