12 Dr. T. A. Chapman on 



found a large and a small form of stygne, which, there can 

 be little doubt, with probably some trifling local variations, 

 are the same two forms as those taken by Mrs. Nicholl at 

 the Picos de Euro pa. In one respect our observations, 

 though confirming Mrs. Nicholl's, show that the apparent 

 conclusion to which they pointed is incorrect. Mrs. Nicholl 

 found one form at a high, and the other at a low level, and 

 the deduction was, that it was the habit of the two forms 

 to be separated by being adapted to living at different 

 elevations, even if the lower one were not a second brood 

 possible at the warmer station. 



Well, we found one form at a low, and the other at a 

 high level, but then again we found precisely the contrary 

 case, in fact we found both forms at all levels from about 

 4000 ft. to over 6000 ft. The small form maintaius 

 its characters both at a high and low level, as does also 

 the large one. 



We found, however, that each species had definite local- 

 ities, within which the other did not occur, and in the 

 case of two such localities for the small species, and also of 

 two for the large, the localities seemed to be very definitely 

 circumscribed. The species were found in other places in 

 which also the habitats may have been as definitely 

 marked out, but it did not happen that our examination of 

 them was sufficiently minute to justify an opinion. In- 

 deed, of those I regarded as well defined, this is of course 

 only true in regard to certain directions, but these directions 

 were sufficiently numerous, being in fact the directions 

 from which we turned back when collecting them, because 

 no more were to be seen, to justify the broad statement. 



I must go into a little more detail as to the reasons that 

 led me to consider the large form palarica, to be a distinct 

 species from the small one, which I regard as a local form 

 of stygne very close to my var. hispanica. 



The first and obvious reason is the difference in size. 

 Size one regards usually as of little value as a specific 

 character, and if it were in this case to stand alone, I 

 should, as I did in the case of var. bejarcnsis, attach no 

 importance to it. The size is, nevertheless', in this case a 

 very marked and unmistakable character. I have measured 

 all the specimens I brought home, and the result of 

 measuring 55 £ 11 £ of stygne from Pajares, and 115 $ 

 and 37 $ of palarica is, that the most dwarf palarica is 

 1 mm. larger than the most giant stygne (hispanica), and 



