Erebia palarica and Erebia stygne. 19 



specimen itself is abundant reply to all such doubts, it is 

 just such an evias as one would expect to find on Penalara 

 with stygne and is not precisely like any other race of 

 evias. Why did I get none ? Why did I get only two at 

 Pajares ? I incline to believe that evias was scarce this 

 season, but I don't know. This brings us to another point 

 which concerns evias, which I cannot do more than open 

 up, my own observations being too few to settle anything. 



It is this, we have found at three or four places in Spain, 

 a small form of evias associated with stygne, at a fairly 

 high level, and in each place the two species have a special 

 similar facies. This form occurs about mid-July. But at 

 the end of May there occurs apparently over a laige part of 

 Spain, a low-level evias. I have never taken this form, 

 being always too late for it on my visits to Spain. But I 

 saw a number this year in collections at Madrid. Like the 

 high-level form, it very probably varies a good deal at 

 different stations, but those I saw at Madrid were large and 

 brightly coloured, like large Swiss specimens, such as I 

 have taken at Locarno, with the rusty marks bright and 

 ruddy, and not yellowish, as in var. hispanica, and probably 

 four or five mm. more in expanse than that var. and five 

 or six more than var. pefialarse. Sr. Zapater records 

 both forms from the Teruel district, and Mrs. Nicholl has 

 reported low-level evias from various localities, and there 

 are other records. What is the relation of these high- and 

 low-level forms of evias to each other ? The low are large, 

 bright, early, and self-dependent; the higher, smaller, 

 yellower, later, and associated with stygne. Are they 

 syngamic ? With only our present light on the matter, I 

 incline to answer " yes," but with hesitation ; we have no 

 experiment naturally provided as in the case of E. stygne 

 and palarica. 



I can only repeat that E. stygne and E. evias in Spain 

 still present many interesting questions for investigation. 



High- and low-level evias are to a great extent evias 

 hispanica and evias evias, but I do not think we have 

 evidence to justify such an identification. In fact, Mrs. 

 Nicholl takes evias evias at high levels, and evias hispanica 

 in Albarracin is not decidedly a high-level form. 



Appended is a table of the wing expanse of the varieties 

 of stygne and evias I have met with, and of palarica — in 

 some instances founded on too few specimens to be trust- 

 worthy, still the best I can obtain for comparison. 



