30 Dr. T. A. Chapman on 



Passing now to the Guadarrama, S.W. from Canales some- 

 thing more than 100 miles, and at an elevation of 6000- 

 8700 feet, we find a still more specialized form of stygne, 

 very variable, from forms nearly typical to the peculiar 

 penalara; and to forms as bright as bejarensis. These are 

 associated with an equally specialized high-level evicts of 

 rather small size, and very different from the low-level 

 form of the same region. 



A hundred miles to the west of this is Bejar, at about 

 5000 feet. Stygne occurs in a very large highly-coloured 

 form, but there is no record of evicts with it. Neverthe- 

 less the association of the two species in the Penalara 

 and the approach made by many specimens of stygne 

 there to the var. bejarensis, seems to lend a little further 

 plausibility to my suggestion that stygne, var. bejarensis, 

 owes its largeness and brightness to association with 

 evicts, though that species appears to have failed to go 

 (at least in a high-level form) so far to the south and 

 west. 



A hundred miles east of Madrid in the Albarracin and 

 neighbouring Sierras occurs evicts apparently in ordinary 

 large red form and in the special small yellow form, 

 hispanica. I have no information to show whether these 

 are in any sense a high- and low-level form. It seems 

 certain that there is no stygne here. And a high-level 

 evicts apparently implies stygne. Nevertheless, I will 

 venture the suggestion that evicts hispanica in the Teruel 

 district has, as it were, got there vicl stygne, even though 

 that species could not follow, just the converse of what I 

 suggest about stygne bejarensis to the west. The resem- 

 blance of the two forms of stygne, and the fairly con- 

 tinuous range of Sierra, from Penalara to Bejar, would 

 suggest that Bejar was reached via Guadarrama; whilst the 

 Teruel district was reached from the Canales area, via the 

 head-waters of the Duero and the Jalon, would be the 

 conclusion for similar considerations in the case of evias. 

 I saw no stygne in the Albarracin Sierra, and incline to 

 believe it is really absent, the Sierra not being lofty 

 enough, as it hardly comes below 7000 feet on the Guad- 

 arrama in same latitude ; so far east in this latitude it is 

 also possibly too dry. 



JErebia palarica . . Picos de Europa. 1902. Nicholl. 

 „ „ . . Puerto de Pajaree. 1904. T. A. C. 



