Entomological Excursion to Spain. 39 



the level of the col, when it would pour over and down 

 the valley with a north current. This would take place 

 about 1 or 2 o'clock, earlier or later on different days. 

 The fog would still rise with a steady north wind, 

 gradually covering everything ; in an hour or so the fog 

 would be very wetting, and a little later would be actual 

 rain, and this would usually continue till late in the night. 

 The change of wind from south to north when the fog 

 reached the level of the Pass was quite sudden and 

 remarkable. 



On the north side, an easy walk took us down to quite 

 low ground, affording such insects as M. galathea, E. 

 hypcranthus, L. argiades, and other low-level species, but 

 we did not find anything of note. It was not therefore 

 an attractive excursion, and, easy as it was to go down, 

 the return was a very different matter. 



In any other direction, one could not descend more than 

 two or three hundred feet and then only to Busdongo, and 

 usually we went up the valleys, on to the cols and hill tops 

 above them, that ran down towards the main valley, of 

 which there were several joining near Arbas, which was, 

 in fact, very centrally situated for the best of these. 



Apart from Erebia *tygnc, E. evicts, and E. palarica 

 noted elsewhere, we met with E. cj^hron, E. euryale, and 

 E. tyndarus ; of the latter some specimens were of fairly 

 normal (Swiss) form, but a fair proportion had more than 

 the usual twin eye-spots, and one or two were larger and 

 made a fair approach to var. ottomana. Of twenty-six 

 specimens brought home, thirteen have more than the 

 twin eye-spot, sometimes the one beneath these, sometimes 

 the next lower, sometimes on one side only. Two specimens 

 have both these spots and one of these measures 44 mm. 

 in expanse. In six specimens these extra eye-spots are 

 white-pupilled. The normal double spot has large white 

 pupils in all specimens. 



The E. euryale are 45 mm. in expanse (42 mm. smallest, 

 48 mm. largest). In two (out of twenty-two all $ $) there 

 is a trace of white pupils to the eye-spots, two have four 

 eye-spots in fore-wings and one has only two, the rest have 

 the usual twin spots, one or two have the orange-red much 

 as in var. circcllaris. 



The E. epiphron are rather close to var. cassiopc, but are 

 large for that variety. 



Amongst the moths observed was Gleogene peletieraria 



