74 Dr. G. B. Longstaffs Notes on the Butterflies 



mon, but preferred the wet mud left in the irrigation 

 channels to any flowers. Argynnis niphe was also com- 

 mon, but had more refined taste, and was usually taken 

 on the marigold beds ; its female was observed during life 

 to resemble L. genutia. Precis almana was common ; P. 

 orithyia very abundant at the same flowers, together with 

 a few P. cenone, one of them very fine and large. As 

 usual in India Atella phalanta and Bclenois mesentina put 

 in an appearance, the first at marigold, the second (a ^) 

 among the lucerne. The Hairstrealc Ilerda sena occurred 

 alike at marigold and high up on the mountain-side. The 

 flowers of Gaillardia proved more attractive to the smaller 

 fry than the coarser marigolds ; the brown Skipper, Parnara 

 mathias, Fab., was in abundance, so were the dingy Blues, 

 Zizera Jcarsandra, Moore, and Z. maha, Koll., but the 

 latter and its variety diluta, Feld., preferred mud to any 

 flowers. 



Other small things were Polyommatus oasticus, and the 

 Skipper Gcgencs nostrodamus, Fab., which was common at 

 the flowers of Gaillardia and marigold. I saw this species 

 at Malakand only, and unfortunately secured but two 

 specimens. Two or three Melittva trivia also turned up 

 at these favourite flowers. Not far from the garden I took 

 two more Hipparchia parisatis ; this does not appear to be 

 much attracted by flowers, but settles on the ground and 

 is then often very hard to see. I observed it lean over 

 from 20° to 30°, and even saw it walking about with a 

 "list" of 20°. 



Lahore, lat. 31° 35' N., alt. circa 700 ft. 



October 31st — November 4th. 



At the capital of the Panjab, a city of the plains, my 

 chief collecting ground was the extensive Lawrence 

 Garden, which though full of flowers is, in parts, so wild 

 that, not to mention a mongoose, I even came across a 

 jackal at midday. The class of butterflies found here 

 differed widely from those met with at Simla and further 

 north, the predominant forms being Oriental. Here I 

 first captured Papilio erithonius, Cr., the " tailless swallow- 

 tail," which I had perhaps seen at Peshawar ; this butter- 

 fly has a wide range in India and might almost be termed 

 abundant, it especially frequents the flowers of Zinnia, 



