Observed in a tour through India and Ceylon. 95 



a typical shade-loving genus. The existence of shade- 

 loving butterflies would seem to be correlated to a tropical 

 sun, but even in England P. segeria and E. hyper unthiis, 

 L., still more L. sinapis, are what I should term " partial 

 shade-lovers." 



In the same wood, also in the shade, Terias Iseta and T. 

 hecabe were both common, and in sunnier glades the 

 common Indian Blue, Zampides celeno, Cr., was both 

 abundant and gregarious. In a young cinchona plantation 

 close by I found Ganoris canidia ; a Blue, Gyaniris puspa, 

 Horsf. ; and a handsome very large Skipper, Cel&norrhinits 

 leucocera, Koll. In the rest-house there was a dead 

 Pyrale, Lepyrodes geometralis, Guen. 



The next day, December 18th, I sent my pony on ahead, 

 and walked down to the river collecting on the way. In 

 the cinchona plantation close to the rest-house I found 

 Zemeros Jlegyas ; lower down were Euthalia appiades, Men., 

 of which I saw several worn specimens ; a Hairstreak, 

 Arhopala bazalus, Hew., like a glorified T. quercus ; Lethe 

 verma, Koll. ; and Melanitis ismene, the last as usual a 

 shade-lover. 



A path leading off through the wood brought me to a 

 tea-garden, perhaps 1500 feet above sea-level, where I 

 lingered all too long. Tea-gardens are not as a rule good 

 places for butterflies, and the flower of the tea-plant, then 

 just coming out, does not appear to have attractions for 

 them, but this particular garden, just at the edge of the 

 forest, and especially that corner of it where the little 

 stream runs in, was certainly very prolific. 



Athyma ranga was in abundance, though worn; like- 

 wise its relatives of the genus Neptis, but the three 

 specimens that I sent home belonged to as many species : 

 N. aceris, Cramer ; N. astola, Moore ; and iV. varmona, 

 Moore ; the closely allied, but brown and black, Symbren- 

 thia hyppoclus, Cr., was almost as common among the tea- 

 bushes. Of the satin-winged Hiposcritia indra, Moore, I 

 took two females. Of the following I got single examples 

 only : — Gaduga ruelaneus, Cr., and the very similar Par- 

 alitica melanoides, Moore, two black and white Danaids ; 

 Athyma selcnophora, Koll.; Yphthima philomcla, Joh. ; 

 Arhopala centauries, Fab. ; and Castalius anaura, De 

 Nicev., $, while another Blue, Lampides clpis, Godt., pale 

 and beautifully sheeny, was common. I also missed what 

 was, I believe, Libythea rama, Moore. There were in 



