Observed in a tour through India and Ceylon. 127 



its head upwards and immediately turn round so that its 

 head looked downwards. This habit of resting with the 

 head down is common, if not general, in the family, 

 and has an obvious bearing on the protective use of tails, 

 anal lobes, and directive marks. 



Zizera oiis, Fab., was also in abundance, and Lampides 

 ecleno, Cr., was common. 



Tirumala sentcntriouis was not common, and the speci- 

 mens netted were tattered males ; one had a symmetrical 

 injury near the anal angle of the hind-wings, possibly due 

 to the bite of a bird. I saw a few specimens of Crastict 

 asela, Moore, and secured two males, which exhibited the 

 " acetylene odour." 



Neptis varmona was common, and I took a specimen of 

 the elegant Nyctemerid day-flying moth Trypheromera 

 nigrovenosa, Moore, which seems to mimic it. Of the 

 beautiful Nepheronia ceylonica I took one male. Cirrochroa 

 eognata, Moore, was noted flying about a particular tree 

 and did not appear to be attracted by flowers ; I only saw 

 it in that one spot, and the two taken were in poor 

 condition. It is very like Gupha placida, Moore [ = Messaras 

 erymanthis,Sbgr.~\, of which I took a fine specimen close by, 

 at wet sand. I again confounded the two species as at 

 Lady Horton's Drive. A few Ergolis ariadne and several 

 Nyehitona xiphia were seen. A male Kuphiiui nerissa 

 had the sweet-briar scent ; a female was in fine condition. 



At the furthest point reached in our walk, by a little 

 bridge, two or three spots in the damp sand appeared to be 

 very attractive. Besides the Giipha already mentioned 

 there was hiaspyrene, var. cingedensis, and Papilio pammon, 

 the male, was rather common. [It was also seen flying 

 about bushes, but not at flowers.] My Kallar friend 

 Gatophaga paidina was literally in crowds ; they were all 

 apparently males, sitting in dense clusters, their pointed 

 white wings suggesting to me toy encampments. I easily 

 netted ten at one swoop, while Mr. Freedley by a more 

 cunning movement succeeded in getting as many as thirty- 

 four into his net ! In the same place I saw six or seven 

 of the beautiful Papilio telephus, Feld., settled quite close 

 together, and managed to secure three. It is a black-and- 

 green species not easy to distinguish from P. jason, L. 



The females of Gcdophaga paidina were common at 

 flowers. One of the males, by the way, had a symmetrical 

 injury to the tips of the hind- wings, but I can hardly see 



