204 Dr. T. A. Chapman on the 



than its own length, cither on a flat surface or by prefer- 

 ence on a round one such as a stem, it makes the anal 

 pad. It may be noted here that in Thais and the other 

 girthed pupae observed, when this is completed the larva 

 takes its station with the claspers just in front of it, the 

 little mound of silk forming the pad being unused, and 

 lying immediately behind the claspers and beneath the tip 

 of the anal plate. In suspended pupae this pad is held by 

 the claspers, whilst the larva awaits pupation. 



Before describing the spinning of the girth, it may be as 

 well to explain its position on the larva when it is finished 

 and the larva rests before pupating. 



The girth arises well forwards from the carpet of silk, 

 and passes over the back of the first abdominal segment. 

 Each segment of the larva has on either side three tall 

 processes or warts, which with their colours and spines 

 give the larva its special and beautiful aspect. These 

 three warts are a subdorsal one (= I. + II.?), which is the 

 largest, then a somewhat smaller one (= IV. + V.?), which 

 arises below the ■ spiracle though one is inclined before 

 examining it to think it is subdorsal also, i. e. above spiracle. 

 The third one is still smaller, and is marginal (= VI.?). 

 In passing over the segment, the girth reaches backwards 

 from its attachment, to behind the marginal process, and 

 passes up in the same line behind the subspiracular one ; 

 then it turns forward, and gets in front of the subdorsal 

 process crossing the dorsum therefore rather on the front 

 of the segment, proceeding down the other side of the 

 larva, by, of course, a precisely similar route, to its attach- 

 ment to the carpet on the other side. In taking this 

 course it makes several bends. First it inclines rather 

 backward from its attachment, has a bend at the marginal 

 process where it turns upwards, and two more bends in 

 passing from behind the subspiracular to the front of the 

 subdorsal process. It is fairly taut, so much so as rather 

 to bend forward the marginal process, against the similar 

 process of the meta-thoracic segment. Nevertheless the 

 curved or angulated route ensures that it shall be of 

 considerable length, longer, that is, than a merely simple 

 transverse course across the back of the larva. 



I succeeded in seeing this cable or girth manufactured 

 on several occasions, but that does not seem to help me in 

 describing it in words. As in Pa/pilionidse and Pieriikv, it 

 is not spun where we see it when completed, but in a 



