208 Dr. T. A. Chapman on the 



on the loop, the thoracic segments are rather contracted 

 and the abdominal somewhat full, and when first the loop 

 falls into place, it runs more directly backwards than it 

 does later ; the head of the larva being rather in front 

 of the points of attachment of the loop. But gradually 

 the abdominal segments shrink, the thoracic enlarge and 

 bend forwards, the whole larva thickens and shortens so 

 that the loop has the position described in my first note. 

 The amount of spinning for the anal hold varies a good 

 deal, but in two specimens in which it appears to be well 

 elaborated, it stands up as a somewhat flocculent little 

 mass, and the prolegs take hold not of this, but a little 

 way in front of it, suggesting that the pupa shall have 

 a freer access to it than if the prolegs held it 



My special object being to see how the girth, now of 

 course clearly seen and proved to be a girth, as in other 

 Pupil 'ionidie, got moved to the position and function of 

 a nose-cable, I watched carefully for the moult to pupa, 

 to see how this occurred. My notes on this throw no light 

 on the critical question, but may be worth giving on their 

 own merits. 



A larva that was very close to the change was watched 

 on — 



May 26, 9 a.m. No very definite change noticeable. 

 10 a.m. Some movements observable and a slight change of 

 colour. 10.30 a.m. All the red has gone from the warts, 

 except those of 8 and 9 abdominal. The others are shrivelled 

 and show no colour, except their black points, the rest 

 of the larva is slaty-grey, quite different to what it was 

 an hour or two ago. No trachea drawn out yet, 3rd 

 thoracic and 1st and 2nd abdominal are very narrow and 

 shrunk. 2nd thoracic large. A good many little wrink- 

 lings of empty skin are visible round warts as well as 

 elsewhere on segments. Girth hangs heavily on marginal 

 wart of 3, pressing it forwards, that of 1st abdominal seems 

 to have slipped behind it on one side, collapsed against 

 that of 3rd thoracic on the other. Wart of 9 still full and 

 red, the red would almost seem to depend on the contained 

 fluid, as it disappears with the shrinking and collapse of 

 the warts, which has just occurred. The fluid which filled 

 them must have been absorbed or evaporated very rapidly. 

 Disturbed the larva by placing it in a better position for 

 observation. 10.40. A few shsfht movements. 4th, 5th 

 and 6th abdominal seem large as also 7th and 8th ; 3rd 



