( xii ) 



80°-90° F., both also obtained ten years ago. Mr. Harwood 

 kept no exact records of temperatures or dates, but states 

 that most emerged in November, the last six in December; 

 severe frost having set in early in November, when some just 

 emerging died, apparently from this cause, and they were then 

 brought into a fireless room ; after a milder interval severe 

 frost again set in, which caused them to be removed into a 

 room with a fire. He remarks that probably all the very 

 late larvse and pupoe perish in this country under natural 

 conditions ; in which the President agreed with him — he 

 never could get the pupaB to survive ten or eleven weeks of 

 cooling, and believed that, as with Pyrameis cardui, the 

 swarms of atalanta that decorate our gardens in the summer 

 are all immigrants or their descendants; in the South of 

 England there are certainly two broods in the year, perhaps 

 more in hot summers. Mr. Harwood's experience was 

 interesting, as it showed that there are natural variations of 

 temperature which may produce effects on the facies of a 

 butterfly corresponding with some of the results obtained by 

 artificial temperatures ranging from that of an ordinary winter 

 to that of a hot summer. 



Commander J. J. Walker drew attention to the white spot 

 on the scarlet band that most showed, which had been thought 

 to indicate the female sex. The President said he thought all 

 the specimens he had bred showed traces of the white spot on 

 the under-side, so that he did not think it was an indication 

 of sex; he had understood that the American examples were 

 without the white spot. 



Professor E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., exhibited (1) Groups of 

 Synaposematic Hymenoptera and Diptera captured by Mr. 

 A. H. Hamm, of the Hope Department, Oxford University 

 Museum, and (2) Three specimens of Papilio hesj)erus, taken 

 at Entebbe in 1903, by Mr. C. A. Wiggins. The attention 

 of the exhibitor had to be called by Mr. W. Holland, of the 

 Hope Department, to the fact that the tails of the hind-wing 

 had not been broken off in these excessively worn and torn 

 specimens. The evidence supports the conclusion that the 

 tails of a Papilio, if untouched by enemies, can endure a great 

 deal of wear. (3)^Professor Poulton also showed Nymphaline 



