( xxxii ) 



black. The transverse lines on the hind-wings, all unusually 

 distinct, were also dark, and broad throughout. The second 

 aberration was semi-transparent black all over both fore- and 

 hind-wings, the veins strongly delineated with black, powdered 

 with ochreous. All traces of transverse lines and bands were 

 obsolete in both wings, except a narrow pale-ocbreous sub- 

 terminal band, and this also nearly obsolete in hind-wings. 

 The head and thorax were black dusted with ochreous, the 

 abdomen totally black, ami the legs and antenna) immaculate 

 black. 



Mr. W. J. Kate showed a number of empty pupa-cases of 

 Zonosoma pendidaria to demonstrate the wide variation of 

 methods in the 'placing of the silken girth round the pupa. 

 The two extreme instances were — (1) where the girth went 

 over the meso-thorax, and (2) where the girth was round the 

 fourth abdominal segment. The average was close to the 

 third abdominal segment. Allusion was made to Prof. E. B. 

 Poulton's experiment with Pieris brassiest and Pieris rapes, 

 as given in the Presidential address delivered in January 

 100f). This experiment went far to prove that those species 

 were incapable of showing variation in this particular respect of 

 pupal girth, because there was a specially strengthened groove 

 to receive the silken strand and it was proved that the ordinary 

 tegument of the pupa was unable to withstand the strain, at 

 hast when the pupa was in an unnatural position. Put in 

 the case of Zonosoma pendidaria there is no groove present 

 and the pupa is able to undergo development with the silk 

 girth placed very variously, and it is only necessai'y for the 

 pupa to be secure, the girth being in reality loose and having 

 no definite position rather than a variable one. In one of the 

 pupa v the excretions were at the head end, showing that the 

 pupa must have been placed upside down. 



Professor E. B. Poulton, F.B..S., exhibited leaves of straw- 

 berry, fierheris japonica, and cherry-laurel which had been 

 sent to him by Mr. W. B. Grove, of Handsworth, Birming- 

 ham. The leaves had been attacked by minute fungi which, 

 in the strawberry and Berberis, had been identified by Prof. 

 S. H. Vines, F.R.8., as PhyUostictaJragarioola and Phyllosticta 

 japonica, respectively. The clean round holes in the laurel 



