( xxxiii ) 



leaves had been caused by a fungus identified by Mr. George 

 Massee as Gercospora circicmscissa, Sacc, — the " shot-hole 

 fungus." The attack was local and followed by the death 

 and disappearance of the central portion of the leaf-tissue of 

 each patch, leaving a roundish or oval window outlined with 

 brown, sometimes in the form of a narrow line, sometimes 

 spreading peripherally into the leaf for a greater or less 

 distance. In the strawberry the edges of the windows were 

 somewhat ragged, but those of the other two leaves had 

 smooth contours, and strikingly resembled the oval trans- 

 parent areas upon the fore-wings of Kallima inaclds, paralekta, 

 etc. — surrounded most conspicuously with a marginal zone of 

 modified colour varying greatly in different individuals as 

 regards both tint and breadth. Professor Poulton had 

 believed that these " windows " of Kallima represented holes 

 gnawed by larvae and that the altered marginal zone repro- 

 duced the effect of the attacks of fungi entering along the 

 freshly exposed tissues of the edge. But he now desired to 

 withdraw his earlier hypothesis in favour of the more pro- 

 bable and convincing suggestion made by Mr. Grove. The 

 origin of the suggestion is of some interest in relation to the 

 meetings of their Society and other associations which pro- 

 mote the intercourse of naturalists. Professor Poulton in 

 the course of the "Huxley Lecture," recently delivered by 

 him in the University of Birmingham, had explained his 

 hypothesis and illustrated it upon the screen. Mr. W. B. 

 Grove heard the lecture and forthwith proceeded to develop 

 a sounder hypothesis. 



Professor Poulton also showed a photograph of the fungus- 

 like marks on the wings of the Oriental Kallimas, prepared 

 under his direction by Mr. Alfred Robinson of the Oxford 

 University Museum. The photograph was taken with oblique 

 illumination, and shows, somewhat magnified, the tall up- 

 standing scales which form the centre of each well-marked 

 patch, as well as the pronounced shadow cast by them. They 

 doubtless represent, in form as well as in colour, the fructifica- 

 tion in the centre of a patch of leaf-attacking fungus, perhaps 

 the very kinds which at a later stage of their development 

 produce the " windows " represented on another part of 



PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., II. 1905. C 



