( xxxvii ) 



Gonepteryx occurring in the Palsearctic region, and commenting 

 upon Dr. Longstaff's observations, said : — 



" The facts relating to the scent of Gonepteryx cleopatra 

 and G. rhamni which have just been laid before us by Dr. 

 Longstaff are of very great interest, and cei'tainly point in the 

 direction of a real distinction between the two foi^ms. I have 

 occasionally detected a slight scent in British specimens of G. 

 rhamni £ , as recorded in our 'Proceedings' for 1904, p. lviii, 

 but nothing like what Dr. Longstaff describes in G. cleopatra. 



" It is by no means easy to determine the relation in which 

 the forms of the genus Gonepteryx stand to one another, and I 

 hope I shall not be thought to be wasting the time of the 

 meeting if I say a few words on this subject. 



" In the Canary Islands we have G. cleobule, Hiibn., which 

 is no doubt a distinct insular form. The fore-wings in the 

 male are of a brilliant orange right up to the margin, while the 

 hind-wings of that sex and the whole upper-surface of the female 

 are tinged with paler orange. In G. maderensis, Feld., from 

 Madeira, the males more nearly resemble G. cleopatra, Linn., 

 and the females are also more deeply coloured than in G. rhamni. 

 G. cleopatra, as is well known, is chiefly characteristic of the 

 Mediterranean subregion. Its male shows a brilliant orange 

 flush on the fore-wings which varies somewhat in size, but is 

 always, I think, inferior in area to that of G. maderensis. In 

 Syria, Asia Minor, and the Island of Cyprus occurs the form 

 G. taurica, Stdgr. (G. antonia, Butl.), which is like G. cleopatra 

 with its orange flush in a pale, washed-out condition. G. 

 rhamni, Linn., occurs generally in Europe, including the parts 

 of the Mediterranean subregion inhabited by G. cleopatra. 

 Mr. Elvves records it also from the Altai. In the Levant, 

 and as far east as Turkestan (Elwes), is found a form, G. 

 farinosa, Mann., in which the wings of both sexes have a 

 mealy appeai-ance, clue to semi-erect scales like those which 

 characterise the borders of the wings in many species of 

 Catopsilia and Callidryas. G. nipalensis, G. R. Gray, of which 

 G. carnipennis, Butl., is perhaps a dry-season phase, is the 

 form inhabiting northern India and the Himalaya. The male 

 is of a deeper and richer yellow than that of G. rhamni, and 

 both sexes often have the orange discoidal spots, especially of 



