( xliii ) 



either absent, or so much altered in appearance, that they 

 might almost be treated as different species. A short analysis 

 of my collection shows this clearly. Amongst the Satyridse, 

 for instance, there is not a single species found in Europe 

 except Satyrus dryas and Par urge deidamia, the latter only 

 taken in Hokkaido ; whilst three species of Lethe, one JVeope, 

 one Tpthima and the large Pararge schrenkii — elsewhere only 

 found in Amurland, which has very much the same faunistic 

 characteristic as Japan, — were far more abundant. I did not 

 see an Erebia, of which only one species is found in Japan, a 

 Camonympha or an Einnephele, three of the most characteristic 

 Palrearctic genera. In the Nymphalida3, Vanessas except 

 V. urticx and G. album were rare in Hokkaido. Melitxa is only 

 found in the higher mountains, all the smaller Argynnis, so 

 characteristic of Europe, are absent ; and Neptis, which is much 

 more an Indian than a European genus, was almost the only 

 abundant Nymphalid genus in Central Japan. Though Apatura 

 and Limenitis are both common, yet Dichorrhagia and Euripus 

 are quite as much so. Amongst the Pierida3 it is true the 

 species are rather Pala^arctic than Oriental, but Terias is 

 quite as commonly seen as any of them, except in Hokkaido. 

 In the Papilionida? the only European species is P. machaon, 

 whilst three or four truly Oriental forms are much more in 

 evidence, and may be seen hovering about the roadsides and 

 settling in front of the houses as in the Himalayas. 



" Amongst the Lycsenidse the only common European form 

 is L. argiis or scgon. Though forms of several wide-ranging 

 species such as argiolus and argiades are yet present, in Central 

 and Southern Japan purely Oriental genera such as Curetis, 

 Niphanda, Dij)sas, Amblypodia, and in Hokkaido the green 

 Theclas all give a very Himalayan character to the Butterflies. 

 But it is amongst the HesperiidaB that the truly Oriental 

 character of the fauna is most strongly shown. Of the species 

 I show to-night only one is really European, all the rest 

 belonging to characteristic Indian genera ; and this was 

 equally the case in Hokkaido as in Central Japan. In the 

 only day's collecting I had in the neighbourhood of Kioto 

 I saw not one single European species except the ubiquitous 

 Colias hyale, and if I had had time to visit the southern 



