﻿82 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  Smith's 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  Development 
  

  

  I 
  left 
  tliem 
  undisturbed 
  until 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  April 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  

   year. 
  I 
  found 
  them 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  still 
  in 
  the 
  larva 
  state, 
  in 
  which 
  

   they 
  remained 
  until 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  June, 
  when 
  they 
  changed 
  to 
  

   pupae. 
  On 
  the 
  fourth 
  of 
  July 
  a 
  male 
  came 
  forth, 
  and 
  subse- 
  

   quently 
  a 
  female. 
  The 
  rest 
  perished 
  in 
  the 
  cocoons 
  during 
  my 
  

   absence 
  in 
  the 
  country, 
  having 
  been 
  exposed 
  to 
  the 
  intense 
  heat 
  

   of 
  the 
  sun. 
  This 
  was 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  little 
  consequence 
  ; 
  an 
  impor- 
  

   tant 
  discovery 
  had 
  been 
  made. 
  A 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  deposit 
  of 
  eggs 
  

   made 
  in 
  1849 
  had 
  been 
  three 
  years 
  in 
  arriving 
  at 
  their 
  perfect 
  

   development. 
  It 
  were 
  vain, 
  in 
  my 
  opinion, 
  to 
  attempt 
  to 
  account 
  

   for 
  the 
  circumstance. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  instance, 
  the 
  whole 
  mass 
  of 
  

   eggs 
  had 
  been 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  influences, 
  and 
  had 
  produced 
  

   larvae, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  had 
  become 
  perfect 
  bees 
  in 
  1850 
  — 
  others 
  in 
  

   1851, 
  — 
  leaving 
  about 
  twenty-five 
  out 
  of 
  230, 
  about 
  the 
  original 
  

   number, 
  to 
  be 
  developed 
  in 
  1852. 
  This, 
  I 
  believe, 
  is 
  the 
  first 
  

   instance 
  on 
  record 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  circumstance 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  aculeate 
  

   Hijmenoplera, 
  although 
  numerous 
  instances 
  have, 
  I 
  believe, 
  been 
  

   observed 
  in 
  other 
  orders. 
  I 
  have 
  before 
  noticed 
  the 
  non-deve- 
  

   lopment 
  of 
  numerous 
  individuals 
  out 
  of 
  a 
  quantity 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  

   Anthojyhora 
  retusa 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  season 
  ; 
  and 
  any 
  one 
  who 
  will 
  

   examine 
  a 
  colony 
  of 
  Anlhoj)liora 
  in 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  November 
  will 
  

   find 
  both 
  larvae 
  and 
  perfect 
  insects. 
  Circumstances 
  such 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  

   recorded 
  may 
  serve 
  in 
  some 
  measure 
  to 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  abun- 
  

   dance 
  or 
  scarcity 
  of 
  certain 
  species 
  during 
  diflTerent 
  seasons 
  ; 
  but 
  

   I 
  must 
  confess 
  myself 
  quite 
  unable 
  to 
  advance 
  any 
  opinion 
  as 
  to 
  

   the 
  cause 
  of 
  this 
  arrest 
  of 
  development. 
  

  

  I 
  feel 
  that 
  I 
  am 
  justified 
  in 
  stating 
  1849 
  as 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  

   deposit 
  of 
  eggs 
  took 
  place, 
  and 
  I 
  believe 
  it 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  by 
  

   several 
  bees 
  using 
  the 
  same 
  spot 
  for 
  that 
  purpose. 
  It 
  is 
  clear 
  that 
  

   in 
  1850 
  about 
  one-third 
  were 
  developed, 
  and 
  a 
  portion 
  having 
  

   been 
  retarded 
  until 
  1852, 
  I 
  think 
  it 
  a 
  fair 
  presumption 
  that 
  the 
  

   whole 
  deposit 
  was 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  and 
  not 
  in 
  successive 
  seasons. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  March 
  last 
  I 
  observed 
  that 
  many 
  young 
  shoots 
  

   of 
  the 
  aspen, 
  in 
  Turner's 
  Wood, 
  Hampstead, 
  were 
  much 
  swollen, 
  

   at 
  distances 
  varying 
  from 
  four 
  to 
  six 
  or 
  eight 
  inches 
  apart, 
  — 
  on 
  

   splitting 
  them, 
  I 
  found 
  a 
  channel, 
  varying 
  from 
  three 
  to 
  four 
  inches 
  

   in 
  length, 
  up 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  stick; 
  at 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  which 
  

   was 
  either 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  a 
  longicorn 
  beetle, 
  or 
  that 
  of 
  some 
  dipterous 
  

   insect 
  ; 
  in 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  instances 
  I 
  found 
  the 
  dipterous 
  larva 
  within 
  

   the 
  dried 
  skin 
  of 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  longicorn 
  ; 
  the 
  dipterous 
  larvae 
  were 
  

   as 
  ten 
  to 
  one 
  of 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  longicorn. 
  From 
  these 
  slioots, 
  which 
  I 
  

   kept 
  exposed 
  to 
  all 
  the 
  vicissitudes 
  of 
  the 
  weather, 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  

   week 
  in 
  May 
  the 
  flics 
  began 
  to 
  appear, 
  and 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  Tachina 
  

  

  