﻿Identification 
  of 
  Reaumur^ 
  s 
  Microlepidoptera. 
  103 
  

  

  height, 
  it 
  forms 
  a 
  cavity 
  proportioned 
  to 
  its 
  size, 
  and 
  the 
  move- 
  

   ments 
  it 
  has 
  to 
  make 
  ; 
  the 
  membrane 
  no 
  longer 
  rests 
  on 
  its 
  body, 
  

   as 
  it 
  otherwise 
  continually 
  would, 
  and 
  it 
  has 
  no 
  longer 
  so 
  many 
  

   rubbings 
  to 
  fear. 
  

  

  *' 
  Nothing 
  is 
  more 
  confirmatory 
  of 
  the 
  idea 
  that 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  true 
  

   use 
  of 
  the 
  folds 
  in 
  the 
  epidermis 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  than 
  the 
  form 
  that 
  

   our 
  blotch 
  miners 
  cause 
  the 
  apple 
  leaves 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  reside 
  to 
  

   assume. 
  Above 
  the 
  places 
  where 
  they 
  reside 
  we 
  observe 
  folds 
  

   similar 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  elm, 
  but 
  often 
  there 
  are 
  more; 
  on 
  the 
  

   loosened 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  epidermis, 
  which 
  is 
  here 
  generally 
  the 
  upper 
  

   {LilhocoUetis 
  CorylifoUella 
  ?) 
  two 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  which 
  in 
  their 
  

   natural 
  position 
  were 
  seven 
  or 
  eight 
  lines 
  asunder, 
  are 
  sometimes 
  

   brought 
  so 
  close 
  together 
  as 
  almost 
  to 
  touch 
  : 
  there 
  the 
  folds 
  of 
  

   the 
  epidermis 
  have 
  been 
  so 
  multiplied, 
  so 
  squeezed 
  together, 
  that 
  

   it 
  only 
  retains 
  a 
  small 
  portion 
  of 
  its 
  first 
  extent 
  of 
  surface, 
  but 
  

   the 
  insect 
  has 
  thereby 
  obtained 
  a 
  deeper 
  cavity 
  in 
  which 
  to 
  live. 
  

   The 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  miners 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  are 
  most 
  numerous, 
  and 
  

   when 
  their 
  labours 
  on 
  the 
  apple 
  leaves 
  are 
  most 
  advanced, 
  is 
  when 
  

   the 
  latter 
  are 
  ready 
  to 
  fall, 
  that 
  is, 
  towards 
  the 
  middle 
  or 
  end 
  of 
  

   October; 
  if 
  we 
  then 
  observe 
  those 
  leaves 
  which 
  more 
  than 
  others 
  

   are 
  folded 
  along 
  the 
  principal 
  nervure, 
  or 
  which 
  appear 
  folded 
  in 
  

   some 
  other 
  places, 
  that 
  part 
  where 
  the 
  fold 
  is 
  most 
  considerable 
  is 
  

   the 
  abode 
  of 
  the 
  insect. 
  We 
  often 
  find 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  similar 
  

   abodes 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  leaf. 
  Some 
  insects 
  take 
  up 
  their 
  quarters 
  on 
  

   the 
  under 
  side 
  {Lithocolletis 
  Pomifoliella), 
  but 
  these 
  are 
  few 
  in 
  

   number. 
  At 
  the 
  same 
  period 
  we 
  also 
  find 
  most 
  in 
  the 
  elm 
  

   leaves." 
  

  

  A^o/e.— 
  Reaumur 
  apparently 
  supposed 
  that 
  the 
  larva 
  mining 
  the 
  

   upper 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  apple 
  leaf 
  was 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  that 
  mining 
  the 
  

   under 
  side 
  ; 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  our 
  recent 
  experience 
  however 
  shows 
  

   us 
  that 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  keeps 
  constantly 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  

   leaf, 
  and 
  consequently 
  an 
  upper 
  side 
  miner 
  cannot 
  be 
  specifically 
  

   identical 
  with 
  an 
  under 
  side 
  miner. 
  I 
  am 
  not 
  aware 
  that 
  the 
  larva 
  

   from 
  the 
  upper 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  apple 
  leaf 
  has 
  yet 
  been 
  bred 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  

   probably 
  identical 
  with 
  tlie 
  larva 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  hawthorn 
  

   leaf 
  (LilhocoUetis 
  CorylifoUella, 
  Haw.). 
  Here 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  nearly 
  so 
  

   common 
  as 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  the 
  under 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  leaf 
  (L. 
  Pomi- 
  

   foliella). 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  three 
  kinds 
  of 
  miners 
  of 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  spoken 
  — 
  those 
  

   of 
  the 
  oak, 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  elm, 
  and 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  apple 
  — 
  are 
  larvae 
  

   with 
  fourteen 
  legs, 
  and 
  which 
  have 
  only 
  six 
  ventral 
  prolegs, 
  so 
  

   placed 
  that 
  between 
  these 
  and 
  the 
  anal 
  prolegs 
  are 
  three 
  segments 
  

   without 
  legs. 
  The 
  miners 
  of 
  the 
  apple 
  leaf 
  are 
  of 
  a 
  yellow, 
  ap- 
  

   proaching 
  to 
  amber 
  ; 
  the 
  miners 
  of 
  the 
  cak 
  leaf 
  are 
  white, 
  slightly 
  

  

  