﻿132 
  Mr. 
  S. 
  S. 
  Saunders's 
  Notices 
  of 
  some 
  

  

  margin 
  ; 
  the 
  metathorax 
  exhibiting 
  a 
  more 
  conspicuous 
  protu- 
  

   berance 
  towards 
  the 
  basal 
  angles 
  of 
  the 
  thoracic 
  shield, 
  preceded 
  

   by 
  a 
  well-defined 
  stigma, 
  visible 
  on 
  the 
  marginal 
  rim 
  at 
  the 
  

   origin 
  of 
  this 
  segment, 
  and 
  communicating 
  with 
  a 
  deflexed 
  

   nervure 
  or 
  tubular 
  process, 
  carried 
  obliquely 
  to 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  

   thoracic 
  channel 
  on 
  each 
  side. 
  These 
  meso- 
  and 
  metathoracic 
  

   stigmata 
  may 
  be 
  considered 
  to 
  offer 
  an 
  analogy 
  to 
  the 
  sockets 
  of 
  

   the 
  pseudelytra 
  and 
  wings 
  in 
  the 
  male. 
  

  

  Looking 
  also 
  to 
  the 
  original 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  hexapod 
  larvae, 
  

   and 
  to 
  their 
  subsequent 
  metamorphoses, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  assumed 
  that 
  

   up 
  to 
  the 
  moment 
  of 
  their 
  protrusion 
  from 
  the 
  abdominal 
  seg- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  their 
  victims 
  in 
  the 
  pseudo-pupa 
  state, 
  both 
  males 
  and 
  

   females 
  have 
  undergone 
  similar 
  and 
  corresponding 
  changes 
  ; 
  

   whence 
  it 
  follows 
  that 
  the 
  ultimate 
  larva-skin 
  or 
  pupa-case, 
  dis- 
  

   carded 
  by 
  the 
  male, 
  and 
  the 
  exuvise 
  of 
  the 
  nymph, 
  must 
  co-exist 
  

   in 
  the 
  female, 
  which 
  does 
  not 
  divest 
  herself 
  of 
  either. 
  

  

  In 
  fact, 
  after 
  having 
  removed 
  the 
  upper 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  cephalo- 
  

   thorax 
  as 
  aforesaid, 
  on 
  making 
  a 
  horizontal 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  sub- 
  

   jacent 
  parts, 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  a 
  separate 
  inferior 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  

   cephalothorax, 
  forming 
  with 
  the 
  upper 
  a 
  complete 
  exterior 
  sheath, 
  

   may 
  be 
  readily 
  perceived, 
  leaving 
  the 
  internal 
  cephalothoracic 
  orga- 
  

   nization 
  distinct, 
  with 
  the 
  vaginal 
  duct 
  entire; 
  the 
  pellicle 
  covering 
  

   which, 
  and 
  next 
  in 
  succession, 
  (corresponding 
  anteriorly 
  in 
  extent 
  

   and 
  arch 
  with 
  the 
  apical 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  prothoracic 
  hood,) 
  being 
  

   equivalent 
  pro 
  tanto 
  to 
  the 
  exuvial 
  skin 
  of 
  the 
  nymph 
  ; 
  the 
  

   true 
  imago 
  remaining 
  intermediate, 
  and 
  exhibiting 
  on 
  the 
  trans- 
  

   verse 
  sutural 
  line 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  head, 
  occupying 
  a 
  retractile 
  

   position 
  beneath 
  the 
  said 
  porrected 
  pellicle, 
  two 
  minute 
  rufescent 
  

   discal 
  tubercles 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  surface, 
  which 
  may 
  possibly 
  indicate 
  

   the 
  rudimentary 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  antennae. 
  Thus 
  an 
  incomplete 
  

   metamorphosis, 
  analogous 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  male, 
  may 
  be 
  traced 
  in 
  

   the 
  female, 
  the 
  desiccated 
  outer 
  tegument 
  of 
  the 
  cephalothorax 
  

   being 
  only 
  the 
  incipient 
  pupa-case 
  of 
  the 
  real 
  pupa 
  and 
  imago 
  

   conformation 
  within. 
  

  

  8. 
  Relative 
  Position 
  of 
  the 
  Dorsal 
  and 
  Ventral 
  Surfaces. 
  

   Whenever 
  opportunities 
  have 
  presented 
  themselves 
  of 
  ascer- 
  

   taining 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  males 
  prior 
  to 
  exit, 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  that 
  

   the 
  Xenos 
  and 
  its 
  allies 
  (namely, 
  those 
  parasites 
  obtained 
  from 
  

   Polistcs, 
  Oplopus, 
  Wesm., 
  and 
  Ancistrocerus, 
  Wesm.) 
  emerged 
  from 
  

   the 
  pupa-case, 
  as 
  recorded 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Siebold, 
  with 
  the 
  ventral 
  

   region 
  uppermost 
  ; 
  whereas 
  the 
  Hylecthri, 
  as 
  well 
  perhaps 
  as 
  

   Stylops 
  and 
  others 
  parasitic 
  upon 
  the 
  softer 
  bodied 
  Mellifera, 
  

  

  