﻿New 
  Species 
  of 
  Strepsipteroits 
  Insects. 
  135 
  

  

  it 
  to 
  make 
  the 
  necessary 
  efforts 
  for 
  this 
  purpose 
  5 
  nor 
  are 
  the 
  

   parasites 
  dependent 
  on 
  such 
  occasions 
  upon 
  any 
  assistance 
  from 
  

   their 
  foster 
  parents, 
  I 
  having 
  on 
  several 
  occasions 
  found 
  them 
  ac- 
  

   complish 
  their 
  deliverance 
  by 
  their 
  own 
  unaided 
  exertions 
  after 
  

   the 
  death 
  of 
  the 
  latter, 
  by 
  placing 
  the 
  still 
  moist 
  bee 
  in 
  a 
  glass 
  

   tube 
  on 
  the 
  window 
  frame, 
  having 
  the 
  operculum 
  of 
  the 
  parasite 
  

   directed 
  towards 
  the 
  light. 
  

  

  To 
  whatever 
  cause 
  the 
  early 
  death 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  parasites 
  may 
  

   be 
  attributed, 
  it 
  is 
  certainly 
  retarded 
  by 
  detention 
  within 
  the 
  

   pupa-case. 
  I 
  once 
  found 
  one 
  alive 
  five 
  days 
  after 
  the 
  death 
  of 
  

   the 
  bee, 
  and 
  the 
  thirteenth 
  from 
  the 
  first 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  

   between 
  the 
  abdominal 
  folds 
  : 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Pickering's 
  

   stylopized 
  Andrena, 
  found 
  on 
  Christmas 
  Day, 
  the 
  parasite 
  would 
  

   probably 
  have 
  retained 
  its 
  pupa 
  domicile 
  for 
  a 
  much 
  longer 
  

   period. 
  

  

  10. 
  Uniformity 
  of 
  Sex 
  in 
  collaterally 
  developed 
  Parasites. 
  

  

  I 
  now 
  proceed 
  to 
  offer 
  some 
  remarks 
  upon 
  the 
  sexual 
  economy 
  

   of 
  these 
  parasites, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  place 
  to 
  notice 
  the 
  marked 
  

   tendency 
  which 
  exists 
  in 
  those 
  nurtured 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  Hyme- 
  

   nopterous 
  insect, 
  to 
  exhibit, 
  when 
  more 
  than 
  one 
  is 
  produced, 
  

   a 
  uniformity 
  of 
  sex. 
  

  

  These 
  coincidences 
  have 
  been 
  witnessed 
  on 
  so 
  many 
  occasions 
  

   that 
  they 
  can 
  hardly 
  be 
  ascribed 
  to 
  accident 
  alone 
  ; 
  twenty 
  males 
  

   and 
  fourteen 
  females 
  of 
  Hylecthrus 
  having 
  been 
  obtained 
  in 
  corre- 
  

   sponding 
  pairs; 
  twelve 
  males 
  and 
  three 
  females 
  occurring 
  by 
  

   tlu-ees, 
  and 
  similar 
  effects 
  being 
  also 
  noticed 
  in 
  the 
  parasites 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  from 
  Polistes, 
  Oplopus, 
  and 
  Ancistrocerus 
  ; 
  nor 
  have 
  I 
  ever 
  

   found 
  both 
  male 
  and 
  female 
  parasites 
  associated 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  indi- 
  

   vidual. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  it 
  is 
  certain 
  that 
  both 
  sexes 
  of 
  Stylops 
  

   Spencii 
  were 
  met 
  with 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Pickering 
  in 
  one 
  Andrena, 
  as 
  the 
  

   figures 
  given 
  thereof 
  clearly 
  indicate 
  ; 
  * 
  so 
  that 
  in 
  attempting 
  to 
  

   account 
  for 
  this 
  agreement 
  in 
  sex 
  as 
  the 
  usual, 
  though 
  not 
  inva- 
  

   riable, 
  concomitant 
  of 
  such 
  association 
  among 
  Strepsipterous 
  para- 
  

   sites, 
  subjected 
  to 
  the 
  like 
  conditions 
  and 
  influences 
  during 
  the 
  

   whole 
  period 
  of 
  their 
  larva-growth, 
  the 
  result 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  

   attributable 
  rather 
  to 
  the 
  operation 
  of 
  some 
  causes 
  antecedent 
  to 
  

   the 
  primary 
  attack, 
  than 
  to 
  influences 
  derived 
  subsequent 
  thereto; 
  

   and 
  hence, 
  following 
  up 
  the 
  inquiry 
  to 
  the 
  hexapods, 
  and 
  the 
  ova 
  

   from 
  which 
  they 
  emanate, 
  we 
  are 
  led 
  to 
  consider 
  from 
  what 
  start- 
  

  

  • 
  Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Lond. 
  Vol. 
  I., 
  p. 
  172, 
  and 
  PI. 
  XVII. 
  

  

  