﻿254 
  Mr. 
  A. 
  R. 
  Wallace 
  on 
  the 
  Habits 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  find 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Amazon 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  productive 
  of 
  the 
  

   diurnal 
  species 
  than 
  perhaps 
  any 
  other 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  world. 
  Where 
  

   else 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  locality 
  can 
  COO 
  species 
  of 
  butterflies 
  be 
  obtained? 
  

   and 
  this 
  can 
  be 
  done 
  within 
  a 
  walk 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  of 
  Para. 
  

  

  We 
  may 
  divide 
  the 
  country 
  into 
  four 
  sorts 
  of 
  hunting 
  grounds, 
  

   each 
  of 
  which 
  possesses 
  its 
  peculiar 
  species 
  rarely 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   others. 
  1st. 
  The 
  open 
  grounds, 
  or 
  " 
  campos," 
  natural 
  or 
  arti- 
  

   ficial, 
  and 
  dry 
  and 
  barren 
  places. 
  Here 
  we 
  find 
  scarcely 
  any 
  

   peculiar 
  Amazonian 
  species, 
  and 
  generally 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  com- 
  

   monest 
  South 
  Anfierican 
  insects, 
  such 
  as 
  Papilio 
  Pohjdamas, 
  Danais 
  

   Archippus, 
  and 
  several 
  common 
  Callidryns. 
  2nd. 
  The 
  margins 
  of 
  

   the 
  rivers, 
  particularly 
  during 
  the 
  season 
  when 
  the 
  waters 
  are 
  

   falling. 
  Here 
  are 
  found 
  niunerous 
  beautiful 
  and 
  rare 
  Pap'ilios 
  and 
  

   species 
  of 
  Timetes, 
  Cybdelis, 
  CaUiamra 
  and 
  AJegistanis, 
  with 
  occa- 
  

   sionally 
  Aganisthos, 
  Marpesia 
  and 
  Viclorina. 
  3rd. 
  The 
  second 
  

   growth 
  woods, 
  plantations, 
  and 
  shady 
  roads 
  and 
  paths. 
  In 
  such 
  

   places 
  the 
  Heliconidce 
  abound, 
  and 
  that 
  beautiful 
  group 
  of 
  

   American 
  PapUios 
  with 
  red 
  spotted 
  lower 
  wings. 
  Here 
  are 
  hun- 
  

   dreds 
  of 
  Erycinidce 
  and 
  gorgeous 
  Theclas 
  ; 
  and 
  here 
  the 
  Epicalias 
  

   and 
  Callitheas 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  met 
  with, 
  while 
  numbers 
  of 
  Morphos 
  flap 
  

   lazily 
  along, 
  and 
  Hesperidce, 
  sometimes 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  Sphinxes, 
  dart 
  

   by 
  with 
  the 
  velocity 
  and 
  sound 
  of 
  humming 
  birds. 
  And, 
  4th, 
  is 
  

   the 
  gloomy 
  virgin 
  forest, 
  in 
  whose 
  damp 
  recesses 
  are 
  found 
  num- 
  

   bers 
  of 
  beautiful 
  Satyridce, 
  many 
  delicate 
  Ilhomias, 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  

   the 
  most 
  beautiful 
  Eurygonas, 
  Mesosemias 
  and 
  Theclas. 
  The 
  

   individuals 
  are 
  however 
  never 
  so 
  abundant 
  as 
  in 
  more 
  open 
  places, 
  

   and 
  much 
  perseverance 
  is 
  required 
  in 
  the 
  collector, 
  which, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  seldom 
  fails 
  at 
  length 
  to 
  be 
  rewarded 
  by 
  some 
  rare 
  and 
  ex- 
  

   quisitely 
  beautiful 
  insect. 
  

  

  I 
  shall 
  now 
  notice 
  in 
  succession 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  genera 
  and 
  

   species, 
  with 
  such 
  observations 
  on 
  their 
  habits 
  as 
  I 
  am 
  enabled 
  to 
  

   offer. 
  

  

  Beginning 
  with 
  the 
  true 
  PapUios, 
  the 
  first 
  that 
  presents 
  itself 
  is 
  

   the 
  well-known 
  American 
  swallow-tail 
  P. 
  Protcsilaus. 
  This 
  is 
  

   abundant 
  in 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Amazon 
  district, 
  but 
  is 
  always 
  seen 
  

   on 
  the 
  water's 
  edge, 
  where 
  it 
  assembles 
  by 
  scores 
  and 
  even 
  hun- 
  

   dreds 
  in 
  dense 
  masses, 
  preferring 
  places 
  where 
  some 
  decaying 
  

   animal 
  matter 
  or 
  excrement 
  has 
  laid, 
  — 
  the 
  juices 
  from 
  which 
  it 
  

   sucks 
  up 
  with 
  great 
  avidity. 
  When 
  thus 
  occupied 
  I 
  have 
  often 
  

   sat 
  down 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  feet 
  of 
  them, 
  and 
  have 
  caught 
  with 
  my 
  

   fingers 
  a 
  single 
  specimen 
  of 
  the 
  rare 
  P. 
  Agesilaus 
  from 
  among 
  a 
  

   hundred 
  of 
  the 
  commoner 
  species. 
  At 
  such 
  times 
  I 
  have 
  noticed 
  

   them 
  ejecting 
  from 
  the 
  anus 
  a 
  watery 
  liquid 
  in 
  successive 
  jets, 
  

  

  