﻿110 
  

  

  from 
  their 
  habits 
  or 
  forms, 
  are 
  difficult 
  to 
  procure 
  in 
  the 
  perfect 
  state, 
  e. 
  g., 
  apterous 
  

   or 
  partially 
  apterous 
  females. 
  During 
  the 
  past 
  winter, 
  T 
  have 
  found 
  the 
  pupae 
  of 
  all 
  

   the 
  apterous 
  females, 
  except 
  Nyssia 
  zouaria 
  and 
  Cheimatobia 
  borearia. 
  

  

  " 
  Wherever 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  remarks 
  any 
  statement 
  is 
  made 
  as 
  to 
  certain 
  circum- 
  

   stances 
  being 
  uncommon, 
  usual, 
  or 
  invariable, 
  I 
  wish 
  it 
  to 
  be 
  distinctly 
  understood 
  

   that 
  they 
  are 
  so, 
  merely 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  my 
  own 
  personal 
  experience 
  goes. 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  only 
  instrument 
  I 
  use 
  is 
  a 
  common 
  garden 
  trowel. 
  The 
  form 
  is 
  immate- 
  

   rial 
  : 
  perhaps 
  a 
  rounded 
  blade 
  is 
  best, 
  as 
  passing 
  with 
  greater 
  ease 
  between 
  the 
  roots. 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  trees 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  the 
  most 
  productive 
  are 
  the 
  following: 
  — 
  elm, 
  oak, 
  

   ash, 
  poplar, 
  beech, 
  and 
  willow. 
  I 
  never 
  found 
  anything 
  at 
  birch, 
  maple, 
  or 
  chesnut. 
  

   Perhaps 
  a 
  short 
  list 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  pupae 
  obtained 
  at 
  those 
  trees 
  may 
  prove 
  interesting. 
  

  

  " 
  Elm. 
  — 
  Smerinthus 
  Tilise 
  (why 
  this 
  insect 
  should 
  be 
  called 
  the 
  lime 
  hawk-moth 
  

   I 
  know 
  not 
  ; 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  dozens 
  of 
  pupae 
  at 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  elm, 
  but 
  not 
  one 
  at 
  lime), 
  

   Petasia 
  cassinea, 
  Taeniocampa 
  rubricosa, 
  T. 
  Populeli, 
  T. 
  munda, 
  Cosmia 
  diffinis, 
  Xy- 
  

   lina 
  semibrunnea, 
  Anisopteryx 
  jEscularia 
  $ 
  and 
  $, 
  Hibernia 
  leucophaearia 
  $ 
  and 
  

   $ 
  , 
  H. 
  aurantiaria 
  <y 
  and 
  2 
  , 
  kc. 
  

  

  " 
  Oak. 
  — 
  Considering 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  larvae 
  that 
  feed 
  upon 
  oak, 
  T 
  have 
  been 
  sur- 
  

   prised 
  at 
  finding 
  so 
  few 
  pupae 
  at 
  it. 
  This, 
  I 
  suppose, 
  is 
  partly 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  fact, 
  that 
  

   a 
  considerable 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  whose 
  larvae 
  feed 
  upon 
  oak, 
  do 
  not 
  pass 
  the 
  win- 
  

   ter 
  in 
  the 
  pupa 
  state. 
  However, 
  when 
  you 
  do 
  succeed 
  in 
  getting 
  one, 
  it 
  is 
  generally 
  

   good 
  ; 
  and 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  Notodonta 
  Irepida, 
  N. 
  Chaonia, 
  N. 
  Dodonsa, 
  Geometra 
  

   Papilionaria, 
  Biston 
  Prodromaria, 
  &c. 
  I 
  was 
  much 
  surprised 
  to 
  find, 
  on 
  two 
  occa- 
  

   sions, 
  the 
  empty 
  cocoon 
  of 
  Cerura 
  Vinula 
  on 
  the 
  trunk 
  of 
  an 
  oak. 
  

  

  " 
  Ash. 
  — 
  PcBcilocampa 
  Populi, 
  Acronycta 
  Ligustri, 
  Geometra 
  Lunaria, 
  G. 
  illus- 
  

   traria, 
  &c., 
  &c. 
  

  

  " 
  Beech. 
  — 
  This 
  and 
  the 
  poplar 
  are 
  the 
  best 
  trees. 
  At 
  the 
  former 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  

   Lithosia 
  rubricollis, 
  L. 
  aureola, 
  Orgyia 
  Coryli, 
  Notodonta 
  Camelina, 
  Tephrosia 
  conso- 
  

   naria, 
  &c. 
  ; 
  at 
  the 
  latter, 
  Phragmatobia 
  mendica, 
  Pcecilocampa 
  Populi, 
  Cerura 
  bifida, 
  

   C. 
  furcula, 
  Ptilodontis 
  palpina, 
  Notodonta 
  Diclaea, 
  N. 
  Dictaeoides, 
  Clostera 
  curtula, 
  

   Ceropacha 
  Or, 
  C. 
  ocularis, 
  Ypsipites 
  ruberaria, 
  &c. 
  

  

  " 
  And 
  now 
  a 
  word 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  localities. 
  Meadows 
  and 
  parks 
  with 
  scattered 
  

   timber 
  trees 
  are 
  decidedly 
  the 
  best 
  localities 
  : 
  being 
  near 
  a 
  wood 
  seems 
  no 
  advantage. 
  

   It 
  is, 
  however, 
  a 
  very 
  curious 
  fact, 
  that 
  the 
  nearer 
  these 
  meadows 
  or 
  parks 
  are 
  to 
  inha- 
  

   bited 
  places, 
  as 
  towns, 
  villages, 
  or 
  even 
  a 
  single 
  farm-house, 
  the 
  more 
  abundant 
  are 
  

   the 
  pupae. 
  I 
  have 
  observed 
  this 
  repeatedly, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  most 
  marked 
  manner. 
  I 
  may 
  

   mention 
  two 
  examples. 
  Nine 
  specimens 
  of 
  Notodonta 
  Dodonaea 
  were 
  all 
  obtained 
  at 
  

   the 
  roots 
  of 
  an 
  oak 
  about 
  a 
  dozen 
  yards 
  from 
  a 
  farm-house; 
  and 
  though 
  I 
  searched 
  up- 
  

   wards 
  of 
  forty 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  neighbouring 
  fields, 
  I 
  could 
  not 
  find 
  a 
  pupa 
  of 
  any 
  kind 
  

   whatever. 
  At 
  the 
  same 
  tree 
  I 
  found 
  Biston 
  Prodromaria 
  and 
  Taeniocampa 
  Gothica. 
  

   Again, 
  the 
  winter 
  before 
  last 
  (1851-52), 
  being 
  in 
  Dublin, 
  I 
  went 
  to 
  the 
  Phoenix 
  Park 
  

   to 
  dig. 
  So 
  long 
  as 
  I 
  continued 
  near 
  the 
  city, 
  I 
  found 
  the 
  commoner 
  sorts 
  of 
  pupae 
  in 
  

   plenty; 
  but 
  the 
  further 
  I 
  retired 
  from 
  it, 
  the 
  scarcer 
  they 
  became 
  : 
  until, 
  at 
  about 
  

   three 
  miles 
  distance, 
  I 
  could 
  not 
  find 
  one. 
  I 
  should 
  be 
  very 
  glad 
  to 
  see 
  some 
  expla- 
  

   nation 
  of 
  this 
  curious 
  circumstance. 
  Perhaps 
  it 
  may 
  partly 
  be 
  accounted 
  for 
  on 
  the 
  

   supposition 
  that 
  the 
  parent 
  moth 
  is 
  attracted 
  by 
  the 
  lights 
  in 
  the 
  houses, 
  and 
  lays 
  her 
  

   eggs 
  on 
  the 
  neighbouring 
  trees. 
  

  

  " 
  Next 
  to 
  parks 
  and 
  meadows 
  I 
  place 
  woods. 
  Searching 
  in 
  woods, 
  however, 
  is 
  a 
  

   tedious 
  and 
  fatiguing 
  afl'air, 
  and 
  to 
  search 
  successfully 
  requires 
  some 
  experience. 
  Per- 
  

  

  