﻿362 The New York State College of Forestrij 



2. Flowers in racemose clusters; samara faces pubescent; winter buds pricklj' 



to the touch; branchlets often with corky wings U. racemosa 205 



2. Flowers in short-stalked fascicles; samara faces smooth; winter buds acute 



but not prickly to the touch ; branchlets without corky wings 



U. americana 203 



THE HACKBERRIES. Genus CELTIS (Tourn.) L. 

 The genus Celtis includes some fifty or sixty species of trees 

 and shrubs widely scattered throughout the temperate and tropical 

 regions of the world. They resemble the elm in many respects 

 but differ in having polygamous flowers and a drupaceous fruit. 

 The American forms are very variable in the shape of the leaves 

 and the number of species is as yet not definitely fixed. At least 

 cne aborescent form {Celtis oceidentalis L.) occurs in New York 

 State. 



Leaves alternate, deciduous, simple, serrate, prominently 3-5 nerved ; stipules 

 membranous, caducous. Flowers small, axillary, polygamo-mouoeeious, pedicel- 

 late, appearing with the leaves on branchlets of the year; staminate flowers 

 fascicled toward the base of the groAvth of the season, the pistillate solitary or 

 2-3 together in the upper leaf -axils ; calyx deeply 4-5 lobed or parted, greenish 

 yellow, deciduous; stamens 4r-5 with incurved subulate filaments which 

 straighten abruptly at anthesis in the staminate flowers a'nd catapult the 

 pollen, but remain curved and shorter in the perfect flowers; pistil consisting 

 of an ovoid, sessile ovary cro■^^^led by the 2 reflexed styles which are stigmatic 

 on the inner faces. Fruit an ovoid or globose drupe with thick firm skin, thin 

 flesh, and thick-walled, bony, rugose or smooth nutlets. 



MULBERRY FAMILY. MORACEAE 



A large family of trees, shrubs, and herbs, numbering over nine 

 hundred species distributed in fifty-five genera, scattered over the 

 tropical and temperate regions of the world. Three genera are 

 represented by indigenous arborescent forms in North America 

 while a fourth includes the naturalized Paper Mulberry, Brous- 

 sonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. 



Sap generally milky. Buds scaly or naked. Leaves alternate, simple, petio- 

 late; stipules enclosing the leaf in the bud. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, 

 small, arising from the axils of caducous bud scales or from the lower leaves 

 of the season, borne in ameut-like spikes or heads which are borne without 

 or within a receptacle; calyx of staminate flower 3-4 lobed or parted; stamens 

 1-4, inserted on the calyx; calyx of pistillate flower deeply 3-5 lobed; pistil 

 consisting of 1-2-celled ovary surmounted by 1-2 styles and stigmas. Fruit 

 drupaceous, enclosed in the fleshy calyx, multiple. 



