100 Discussion of Industries 
put tne cost of the material was nearly as great. No doubt 
the high cost of wood as well as the decrease in demand for 
barroom fixtures had a great deal to do with the apparent 
shrinkage of the industry. 
PROFESSIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 
This industry consumes nearly 10,000,000 feet, at an average 
cost of $82.47 per thousand feet f. 0. b. factory. Table 21 
refers to such articles as are used by artists, engineers, mechan- 
ics, professional and scientific men, among them being photo- 
graphic equipment, drawing boards, blackboards, erasers, 
geometrical blocks, gauges, calculating machines, mallets, map 
globes, mathematical instruments, mitre boxes, pencils, pencil 
boxes, palettes, penholders, pointers, leveling rods, rulers, 
measuring scales, recording instruments, spirit levels, T- 
squares, transit tripods, etc. 
Southern red cedar contributes approximately one-fifth of 
the wood consumed by the industry and costs $150.00 per thou- 
sand feet. Red cedar is not suitable for most of the articles 
reported. Its use, however, is found in the production of lead 
pencils, and several establishments consume large quantities in 
the manufacture of this article. Southern red cedar (Jwni- 
perus virginiana) meets the requirements of the best lead pen- 
cils. Its commercial range extends from the Ohio River on the 
north as far east as eastern Tennessee and central Georgia, as 
far south as Tampa Bay on the west coast of Florida, and as 
far west as eastern Texas and central Arkansas. The require- 
ments for lead-pencil material are very exacting — a soft wood, 
fine and straight-grained, free from defects, which will not 
warp or check. The heartwood of red cedar meets these re- 
quirements and has the additional special qualities of being 
light in weight, non-resinous, slightly aromatic, whittling well 
and having an agreeable taste. One of the earliest woods used 
for lead pencils abroad was red cedar grown in Virginia and 
Florida. After red cedar became the expensive pencil-wood, 
foreign manufacturers forfeited their position of importance 
to America. 
