Discussion of Industries 115 
PicturRE FramMrEs anp Mo.prnas. 
The products included in Table 27 are mirror frames, pic- 
ture frames, mirror backs, picture moldings, and picture 
backs. As can be seen by the nature of the article produced, 
there is comparatively little waste. Indeed, much of the 
material consumed by this industry is the waste of the larger 
woodworking establishments, such as planing mills products, 
sash, doors, blinds and general millwork. While the latter 
establishments sometimes produce these smaller articles from 
the waste of their mills, there are many minor plants in the 
cities and towns that specialize in such articles. A great many 
of the small picture-frame shops of New York buy their mold- 
ings from molding factories in Chicago, with the finish already 
on them. The total of 6,647,000 feet is probably far short of 
the total consumption for such articles in the State, but 
the real consumption of wood cannot be separately shown 
because planing mills and general millwork establishments 
make their reports without distinguishing the exact amount 
going into such by-products. These figures indicate, however, 
that the aggregate production of the State for picture frames 
and moldings is enormous when such a large total can be 
accounted for through the reports of the small specialty fac- 
tories. The industry consumes 14 woods and pays the average 
price of $83.57 per M. feet f. o. b. factory. 
Yellow poplar is by far the most important species con- 
tributing to the industry, white oak having fallen to fourth 
place in quantity consumed. Basswood is reported in second 
place. Other woods that are used entirely for moldings are 
sugar maple, mahogany, and black walnut. White pine is 
suitable both for the facing and for the backs of picture frames 
because it is light and very workable. When used as moldings 
it takes oils, paints, and enamels well. The white oak is gen- 
erally stained in such a way as not to interfere with the natur- 
ally pleasing appearance of the grain of the wood. It is gen- 
erally quarter-sawn from No. 1 stock free of defects. Birch, 
chestnut, sugar maple, red gum, mahogany, black walnut, and 
