152 Appendix 
With regard to lumber, as recorded by the Forest Service 
in 1918, New York does not occupy the lead in the production 
of any single species, but has third place in the production of 
birch, fourth in maple and basswood, fifth in beech, sixth in 
ash and hemlock, seventh in balsam fir, eighth in white pine, 
spruce, and chestnut, and ninth in elm. In 1919 over 1,200 
sawmills were in operation. 
PuLepwoop ConsuMPTION 
The pulp industry in New York is enormously important. 
In 1918 New York consumed 1,003,742 cords of pulpwood, 
one-half of which was imported from Canada or other States. - 
The only State consuming more pulpwood is Maine, which used 
1,234,929 cords. New York, however, has over twice as many 
mills as Maine, and probably the greater capitalization. The 
ever-increasing demand for pulpwood is one of the important 
factors which must be reckoned with in planning the future 
forest policy of the State. The pulp mills utilize small and 
inferior trees as well as those which are large and mature, but 
in certain species the pulp mills compete with the sawmills as_ 
to which shall obtain and manufacture the wood. For instance, 
in 1912 the secondary wood-using industries used 76,000,000 
feet of home-grown spruce and in 1919 only 20,000,000 feet. 
This very appreciable decrease in seven years is no doubt due 
in part to the consumption of this valuable tree for pulpwood. 
The industries of the State are still using large quantities of 
spruce, but much of it is now necessarily imported. Spruce 
once occupied a distinctly inferior position to white pine in 
the estimation of lumbermen, but the excellence of spruce fibre 
for pulp purposes has now made it very valuable. 
In these days the pulpwood is, often transported from dis- 
tances of 500 miles or more, the supplies near the mills having 
been exhausted in previous years. It is reported that 60 per 
cent of the New York mills have no supplies of their own, but 
must depend upon purchase, largely from sources outside the 
State. Canada has always been the main reliance for imported 
spruce, but since 1910 several Canadian Provinces have found 
it desirable to forbid the export of pulpwood cut from their 
