Veneers 157 
growth. Large quantities of the Adirondack rotary veneers are 
made into wire-end dishes for containing butter, lard, 
pickles, ete. 
Built-up lumber, consisting of several layers firmly glued 
together with the grain crossed, is becoming more important 
every year in many industries. Furniture tops, panels and 
backs, drawer fronts and bottoms, chair seats, trunks, store and 
office fixtures, pianos, packing boxes, vehicle and automobile 
bodies, and the finish of passenger cars are examples of the 
product of veneer and built-up lumber. The built-up lumber, 
or plywood, has the advantage of being much stiffer and 
stronger than solid lumber for the same weight, and is also 
less liable to warp or check. In the shipment of fruit and 
vegetables, where strength is unimportant and lightness is 
essential, the introduction of rotary-cut veneer lumber has 
made possible the utilization of many comparatively inferior 
species, and the same cheaper woods are used as cores in con- 
nection with the high-grade sliced and sawed veneers in the 
manufacture of furniture and fixtures. Species such as cotton- 
wood were considered of little value owing to the tendency to 
warp, until utilized in the form of veneers. In built-up lumber 
they may be used for the middle layer with other woods for the 
external layers. 
In the United States red gum is the principal veneer wood, 
but many other species are used. Mahogany, Circassian wal- 
nut, and English oak are the imported species in greatest 
demand, while gum, hard maple (especially the rich figured 
wood) and white oak, are among the most popular domestic 
finishing woods. 
With the exception of Spanish cedar, which generally goes 
into cigar boxes, the foreign woods are mostly used for the best 
grades of cabinet work, furniture, and fixtures. 
In 1911 New York led in the veneer industry. Although 
there are no recent reports from other States showing veneer 
production, it is believed that New York still stands well 
toward the head of the list as regards the quantity produced. 
