History and Habits of Pityogenes. 33 
fully replaced without disturbing him. Two days later, on 
March 22nd, the male was still the sole occupant. The 
nuptial chamber was then completed and he had extended 
this for a short distance at one angle to form a gallery, 
apparently starting an egg burrow. 
The flap of bark covering the burrow was again lifted on 
March 28rd at 1.25 vp. m. and found to be occupied by a 
male and a female in copulation. The position in which 
the two were found is shown in Fig. 16. The female 
occupied the egg gallery which had been started the day 
before by the male but which was now about twice the 
length of the female’s body. The rear end of her body was 
at the level of the juncture of the egg gallery and nuptial 
chamber. The male was in the nuptial chamber his body 
at an angle of about 55 degrees to that of the female. What 
appeared most extraordinary was that the female lay with 
her back upward while the male was in the position shown in 
the figure with his right side up. Whether this is the 
normal position or whether the pair had been disturbed by 
the burrow being opened cannot be stated as this was the 
only copulation observed. The pair remained motionless 
except for slight movements of the abdomen for about one 
minute and a half — long enough for the completion of a 
sketch. They then began to pull each other, first one way 
and then another, evidently trying to pull apart. The male 
finally kicked violently with his hind legs, thus breaking 
loose. The male immediately turned around, apparently 
excited, with his antennae vibrating rapidly and followed 
the female which retreated into her egg burrow. At first 
the female kicked with her hind legs and backed out part 
way, causing the male to retreat. He soon returned, how- 
ever, and lay perfectly still with his head against the side 
of the female’s. After remaining thus for a full minute, 
the female backed up forcing the male away, whereupon 
she immediately resumed the work of extending the egg 
gallery, although the male continued to bother her for ten 
or fifteen minutes by occasionally butting into her.. Although 
the burrow was frequently opened during the next two days 
no other copulation was observed. 
