History and Habits of Pityogenes. 53 
advent of cold weather, for they then feed in. the larval 
host during the rest of the fall and also for a week or more 
the following spring. For this reason the engravings is 
much more pertect if taken when the majority of the brood is 
in the pupal stage. 
Parasitic AND PrepAcEOUs Enemies.— No special effort 
was made to study the parasitic and predaceous enemies of 
P. hopkinsi but several predaceous insects were incidentally 
collected in the field and several parasitic Hymenoptera 
were bred from material brought into the laboratory. 
The most common alien insect found in the burrows is 
Hypophleus tenuis Lec. This is a small brown beetle 214— 
3 mm. in length belonging to the family Tenebrionidae. 
This was obtained by the writer in many localities in the 
near vicinity of Syracuse, at Cicero Swamp and from mate- 
rial. brought in by Prof. R. T. Gheen from East Schaghti- 
coke, Rensselaer Co. In five cases definite observations 
were recorded as to the number occurring in each burrow 
of Pityogenes. In one burrow only one H. tenuis was pres- 
ent while the other four burrows each contained two. 
Specimens were taken from the nuptial chamber, egg 
galleries and the feeding burrows of the young: adults. 
Apparently these beetles are predaceous upon the adults of 
P. hopkinst rather than on the larvae or pupae. 
Packard (1890) on the authority of Blanchard reports 
this species as being predaceous upon Pityophthorus pube- . 
rulus Lec. and Pityophthorus sparsus Lec., the latter species 
probably being identical with Pityogenes hopkinsi Swaine. 
Hopkins (1899) records H. tenwis as “ common in brood 
galleries of Tomicus calligraphus, feeding on adults; also 
with adult Zomizcus in winter galleries in outer bark.” 
Felt (06) while he makes no mention of this species by 
name records finding an unidentified species of Hypo- 
phloesus associated with Pityogenes sp. b. It is possible that 
the Pityogenes mentioned is the same species which is here 
being considered. 
Another predaceous beetle obtained from the burrows 
of P. hopkinsi-is the clerid Phyllobaenus dislocatus Say. 
