PATE Als 
Fig. 23. Photographs of several burrows started five days before. a 
and b are typical nuptial chambers. c, nuptial chamber in dried piece 
of pine in which the male burrowed into the sapwood. ‘This often 
occurs in limbs which are too dry. d, nuptial chamber and recently 
started egg galleries. One of these shows 4 egg-niches. e, feeding 
burrow made by female extending entrance gallery started by a male. 
Natural size. 
Fig 24. Profile view of pitch tube constructed by male of P. hopkinsi 
in making entrance burrow. Magnified about 2 dia. 
Fig. 25. Photograph showing two egg galleries with egg-niches. The 
eggs packed in with frass are seen in most cases. Several are uncovered 
sufficiently to show their arrangement with long axis parallel to egg- 
gallery. Magnified 2 dia. 
Fig. 26. Brood gallery showing nuptial chamber and four egg 
galleries. Two of these contain only eggs while the other two contain 
young larvae. The larvae nearest the nuptial chamber hatched first and 
their burrows are longer. Natural size. 
Fig. 27. Portion of limb with bark removed showing larval burrows 
filled with frass, pupal chambers several of which contain pupae and 
feeding burrows of young adults. Natural size. 
Fig. 28. Portion of limb with bark removed engraved by P. hopkinsi 
showing several brood burrows. The egg galleries are most of them 
transverse, several are diagonal and one is nearly directly longitudinal. 
Note the larval burrows. Where their course is unobstructed they are 
longitudinal and approximately straight but where obstructions occur 
(as in case of parallel egg galleries) the course is very tortuous. Feed- 
ing burrows made by the young adults are seen at each end. All frass 
and excreta have been removed from the burrows. About 34 natural 
size. 
Fig. 29. Portion of bark of pine limb infested with P. hopkinsi, 
showing the “shot holes” which serve as exit openings for the young 
adults. The very small ragged holes are “ventilation openings ” 
through which the beetle has not vet escaped. The several large holes 
were made by Ips pini. Natural size. 
